Developmental Reading: Five Essential Components of Reading

Five Essential Components of Reading

Phonemic Awareness-
The knowledge and manipulation of sounds in spoken words. Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds, known as phonemes, in speaking words. Children need to be taught to hear sounds in words and words are made up of the smallest parts of sound, or phonemes.
Phonemic Awareness Skills:
Sound and word discrimination
Rhyming
Blending
Segmentation

Phonics-
The relationship between written and spoken letters and sounds. Phonics is the relationship between the spoken and written languages. It is the ability to hear, identify, and use sounds that make up words. Phonics refer to the sound-symbol (phoneme-grapheme) relationships in the teaching of reading. Phonics instruction teaches children to use these relationships to read and write words.
Vowel Phonics Patterns:
Short vowels are the five single letter vowels: a, e, i, o, and u
Long vowels are synonymous to the single letter vowels, such as /ei/ in baby; /ai/ in tiny; /ou/ in broken

Reading Fluency, including oral reading skills-
The ability to read with accuracy and with appropriate rate, expression, and phrasing. Fluency is the ability to read text quickly and accurately. Fluency skills are the ability to see larger segment and phrases as wholes as an aid to reading and writing more quickly.
Examples of fluency skills:
Immediately recognizing letters an frequent clusters of letters
Learning frequent words by sight
Seeing phrase as wholes
Using prediction skills within the phrase or clause

Vocabulary Development-
The knowledge of words, their definitions and context. Vocabulary includes knowing the meaning and pronunciation of words necessary for communication. Children need to actively build and expand their knowledge of written and spoken words, what they mean and how they are used. Vocabulary is the ability to understand (receptive) and to use (expressive) words to acquire and convey meaning.
A good vocabulary builder is very important to reading comprehension. Readers cannot understand what they are reading without knowing what the most of words mean.

Reading Comprehension Strategies-
The understanding of meaning in text. Comprehension occurs when readers are able to understand, remember, and communicate with others about what they have read. Children need to be taught comprehension strategies or the steps readers use to make sure they understand the text. Pupils who are in control of their own reading comprehension become purposeful, active readers.

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[trishbowman]

The music is very loud and your voice is hard to hear, otherwise it;s a good video.

[Deepakkumar-dqfm]

Content is good... but the background sound is too loud ...

[bebetcalipara]

The music is load, distracting the listener.