Major depressive disorder | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:


00:00:25 1 Signs and symptoms
00:00:50 1.1 Associated conditions
00:01:16 2 Cause
00:01:41 2.1 Genetics
00:02:07 2.2 Other health problems
00:02:32 3 Pathophysiology
00:03:11 4 Diagnosis
00:03:23 4.1 Clinical assessment
00:04:02 4.2 DSM and ICD criteria
00:04:27 4.2.1 Major depressive episode
00:04:53 4.2.2 Subtypes
00:05:18 4.3 Screening
00:05:44 4.4 Differential diagnoses
00:06:09 5 Prevention
00:06:35 6 Management
00:07:00 6.1 Lifestyle
00:07:26 6.2 Talking therapies
00:07:51 6.2.1 Cognitive behavioral therapy
00:08:17 6.2.2 Variants
00:08:42 6.2.3 Psychoanalysis
00:09:07 6.3 Antidepressants
00:09:46 6.4 Other medications
00:10:11 6.5 Electroconvulsive therapy
00:10:37 6.6 Transcranial magnetic stimulation
00:11:02 6.7 Other
00:11:28 7 Prognosis
00:11:53 8 Epidemiology
00:12:19 9 History
00:12:57 10 Society and culture
00:13:10 10.1 Terminology
00:13:35 10.2 Stigma
00:14:01 11 Elderly
00:14:26 12 Research
00:14:52 12.1 Animals models



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9131832844259656
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known simply as depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations. It is often accompanied by low self-esteem, loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities, low energy, and pain without a clear cause. People may also occasionally have false beliefs or see or hear things that others cannot. Some people have periods of depression separated by years in which they are normal, while others nearly always have symptoms present. Major depressive disorder can negatively affect a person's personal life, work life, or education, as well as sleeping, eating habits, and general health. Between 2–8% of adults with major depression die by suicide, and about 50% of people who die by suicide had depression or another mood disorder.The cause is believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors include a family history of the condition, major life changes, certain medications, chronic health problems, and substance abuse. About 40% of the risk appears to be related to genetics. The diagnosis of major depressive disorder is based on the person's reported experiences and a mental status examination. There is no laboratory test for major depression. Testing, however, may be done to rule out physical conditions that can cause similar symptoms. Major depression is more severe and lasts longer than sadness, which is a normal part of life. The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for depression among those over the age 12, while a prior Cochrane review found that the routine use of screening questionnaires has little effect on detection or treatment.Typically, people are treated with counseling and antidepressant medication. Medication appears to be effective, but the effect may only be significant in the most severely depressed. It is unclear whether medications affect the risk of suicide. Types of counseling used include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy. If other measures are not effective, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be considered. Hospitalization may be necessary in cases with a risk of harm to self and may occasionally occur against a person's wishes.Major depressive disorder affected approximately 216 million people (3% of the world's population) in 2015. The percentage of people who are affected at one point in their life varies from 7% in Japan to 21% in France. Lifetime rates are higher in the developed world (15%) compared to the developing world (11%). It causes the second-most years lived with disability, after lower back pain. The most common time of onset is in a person's 20s and 30s. Females are affected about ...