Terfenol-d

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Terfenol-d One of the strongest magnetostrictive materials created in the last decade is an alloy of terbium, dysprosium, and iron, called terfenol-d. This material was created in the laboratory of the Navy Academy (USA) and differs from the conventional magnetostrictive materials by the 100-fold EMF output, and from piezomaterials - by the 5-fold EMF output. Apart from use in the vibration sensors and generators, there is a development of acoustic systems using the contours of terfenol-d. The terfenol-d conductor is placed in an aluminum box and wrapped with an electrically conductive wire. When electricity passes through the wire, the terfenol-d gradually begins to expand, creating a massive pressure of 180 kg, so that at the time when it is adjacent to a flat surface, it begins to convert electronic signals into mechanical vibrations, causing it to vibrate and transmit sound. As a result, any flat surface turns into high-quality speakers. I-MU Vibro system, using this effect, appeared on sale in Britain in 2008. Due to the high price of the material, as well as its low mechanical strength, in recent years significantly popular became a similar material halophenol, a gallium-iron alloy, which has 3 times lower EMF, but is much less expensive to manufacture and is very durable.