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Analogue and digital electronics class 10 | 10th class physics ch 16 analogue and digital electronic
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Analogue and digital electronics class 10 | 10th class physics ch 16 analogue and digital electronic
16.4 ANALOGUE AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
The quantities whose values vary continuously or remain
constant are known as analogue quantities. For example, the
temperature of air varies in a continuous fashion during
24 hours of a day. If we plot a graph between time and
temperature recorded at different times, we get a graph
(Fig.16.5-a). This graph shows that temperature varies
continuously with time. Therefore, we say that temperature
is an analogue quantity. Similarly, time, pressure, distance,
etc. are analogue quantities.
The branch of electronics consisting of circuits which
process analogue quantities is called analogue electronics.
For instance, the public address system is an analogue
system in which the microphone converts sound into a
continuously varying electric potential. This potential is an
analogue signal which is fed into an amplifier. Amplifier is
an analogue circuit which amplifies the signal without
changing its shape to such an extent that it can operate a
loudspeaker. In this way, loud sound is produced by the
speaker. Radios, televisions and telephones are a few
common devices that process analogue signals.
The quantities whose values vary in non-continuous
manner are called digital quantities. Digital version of
analogue signal is shown in Fig.16.5 (b). Digital quantities
are expressed in the form of digits or numbers. The branch
of electronics which deals with digital quantities is called
digital electronics. Digital electronics uses only two digits
‘0’ (zero) and ‘1’ (one) and the whole data is provided in
binary form due to which processing of data becomes easy.
Fig 16.6 shows an analogue and digital signal. A
continuously varying signal is called an analogue signal. For
example, an alternating voltage varying between the
maximum value of +5V and the minimum value of -5V is an
analogue signal (Fig. 16.6-a). A signal that can have only two
discrete values is called a digital signal. For example, a
voltage with square waveform is a digital signal (Fig.16.6-b).
This signal has only two values i.e., +5 V and 0 V. The High
voltage is +5 V and the low voltage is 0 V. It can be seen that
digital signal provides the data by a maximum and a
minimum voltage level. The changes occurring in the digital
signal are not continuous. For quite a long period, the use of
digital electronics was limited to computers only, but
.
. .
now-a-days its application is very wide spread. Modern
telephone system, radar system, naval and other systems of
military importance, devices to control the operation of
industrial machines, medical equipments an
SUMMARY
Electronics is that branch of applied physics which deals with the control of motion
of electrons in different devices for various useful purposes.
The process of emission of electrons from the surface of hot metal is called
thermionic emission.
Cathode rays are electrons which are emitted from the hot surface of cathode and
travel towards anode due to potential difference.
Beam of electrons emitted from cathode surface can be deflected by electric and
magnetic fields.
The cathode-ray oscilloscope is an instrument which can be used to display the
magnitudes of rapidly changing electric current or potential. It consists of the
following three parts: the electron gun, the deflecting plate and a fluorescent screen.
Those quantities which change continuously with time are known as analogue
quantities. And the quantities which change in discrete steps are called digital
quantities.
Electronic devices have become integral part of our daily lives. Television,
computers, cell phone, audio and video cassette recorders and players, radio, hi-fi
sound system have made our lives more comfortable and pleasant.
The branch of electronics which processes the data being provided in the form of
analogue quantities is called analogue electronics.
The branch of electronics which processes the data being provided in the form of
digits is known as digital electronics.
Logic gates are the circuits which implement the various logic operations. These are
digital circuits which have one or more inputs but only one output.
There are three basics logic gates: AND gate, OR gate and NOT gate. While NAND
gate and NOR gate are combinations of these basic gates.
The AND gate is a logic gate that gives an output of '1' only when all of its inputs are
'1'. The OR gate is a logic gate that gives an output of '0' only when all of its inputs
are '0'. The NOT gate is a logic gate that gives an output that is opposite to the state
of its input.
The truth tables are tables which give the values of the inputs and o
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16.4 ANALOGUE AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
The quantities whose values vary continuously or remain
constant are known as analogue quantities. For example, the
temperature of air varies in a continuous fashion during
24 hours of a day. If we plot a graph between time and
temperature recorded at different times, we get a graph
(Fig.16.5-a). This graph shows that temperature varies
continuously with time. Therefore, we say that temperature
is an analogue quantity. Similarly, time, pressure, distance,
etc. are analogue quantities.
The branch of electronics consisting of circuits which
process analogue quantities is called analogue electronics.
For instance, the public address system is an analogue
system in which the microphone converts sound into a
continuously varying electric potential. This potential is an
analogue signal which is fed into an amplifier. Amplifier is
an analogue circuit which amplifies the signal without
changing its shape to such an extent that it can operate a
loudspeaker. In this way, loud sound is produced by the
speaker. Radios, televisions and telephones are a few
common devices that process analogue signals.
The quantities whose values vary in non-continuous
manner are called digital quantities. Digital version of
analogue signal is shown in Fig.16.5 (b). Digital quantities
are expressed in the form of digits or numbers. The branch
of electronics which deals with digital quantities is called
digital electronics. Digital electronics uses only two digits
‘0’ (zero) and ‘1’ (one) and the whole data is provided in
binary form due to which processing of data becomes easy.
Fig 16.6 shows an analogue and digital signal. A
continuously varying signal is called an analogue signal. For
example, an alternating voltage varying between the
maximum value of +5V and the minimum value of -5V is an
analogue signal (Fig. 16.6-a). A signal that can have only two
discrete values is called a digital signal. For example, a
voltage with square waveform is a digital signal (Fig.16.6-b).
This signal has only two values i.e., +5 V and 0 V. The High
voltage is +5 V and the low voltage is 0 V. It can be seen that
digital signal provides the data by a maximum and a
minimum voltage level. The changes occurring in the digital
signal are not continuous. For quite a long period, the use of
digital electronics was limited to computers only, but
.
. .
now-a-days its application is very wide spread. Modern
telephone system, radar system, naval and other systems of
military importance, devices to control the operation of
industrial machines, medical equipments an
SUMMARY
Electronics is that branch of applied physics which deals with the control of motion
of electrons in different devices for various useful purposes.
The process of emission of electrons from the surface of hot metal is called
thermionic emission.
Cathode rays are electrons which are emitted from the hot surface of cathode and
travel towards anode due to potential difference.
Beam of electrons emitted from cathode surface can be deflected by electric and
magnetic fields.
The cathode-ray oscilloscope is an instrument which can be used to display the
magnitudes of rapidly changing electric current or potential. It consists of the
following three parts: the electron gun, the deflecting plate and a fluorescent screen.
Those quantities which change continuously with time are known as analogue
quantities. And the quantities which change in discrete steps are called digital
quantities.
Electronic devices have become integral part of our daily lives. Television,
computers, cell phone, audio and video cassette recorders and players, radio, hi-fi
sound system have made our lives more comfortable and pleasant.
The branch of electronics which processes the data being provided in the form of
analogue quantities is called analogue electronics.
The branch of electronics which processes the data being provided in the form of
digits is known as digital electronics.
Logic gates are the circuits which implement the various logic operations. These are
digital circuits which have one or more inputs but only one output.
There are three basics logic gates: AND gate, OR gate and NOT gate. While NAND
gate and NOR gate are combinations of these basic gates.
The AND gate is a logic gate that gives an output of '1' only when all of its inputs are
'1'. The OR gate is a logic gate that gives an output of '0' only when all of its inputs
are '0'. The NOT gate is a logic gate that gives an output that is opposite to the state
of its input.
The truth tables are tables which give the values of the inputs and o
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