What is BGP in simple words?

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is like a traffic controller for data traveling across the internet, guiding it along the most efficient path, whether it's a short or long distance.

Imagine BGP as a mail delivery system for online data. When someone in Los Angeles wants to visit a New York-based website, BGP directs the data from the New York server to the internet backbone. The data then moves through large fiber optic cables, smaller networks, and finally reaches the user's local ISP in Los Angeles before arriving at their device.

Each stop along the data's journey is called a "hop." You can see the hops between your location and a server using a traceroute command. BGP relies on routing tables, which are like address books listing available routers by IP address. These tables help BGP routers find the best path for data. Routing tables are updated often to account for changes in network traffic or outages.

BGP offers several benefits, including standardized communication between routers, efficient data routing, adaptability to network congestion, redundancy during outages, scalability, and autonomous operation. While BGP helps route data efficiently over long distances, Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) further enhance performance by hosting data at "edge nodes" worldwide.

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