python pandas unstack

in this tutorial, we will explore the unstack method in the python pandas library. the unstack method is a powerful tool for reshaping and pivoting data in a pandas dataframe. it is particularly useful when dealing with hierarchical or multi-level index data.
the unstack method in pandas is used to pivot a level of the (possibly hierarchical) index labels. it essentially converts a multi-level index into a reshaped dataframe with a new level of columns.
level: this parameter specifies which level of the index to unstack. it can be an integer representing the level or a label from the index.
fill_value: an optional parameter that fills the missing values resulting from unstacking with the specified value.
let's create a sample dataframe and use the unstack method to better understand its functionality.
in this example, we create a dataframe with a multi-level index using the set_index method. the index consists of two levels: 'city' and 'year'. then, we use the unstack method to pivot the 'city' level of the index to columns, resulting in a reshaped dataframe.
the original dataframe looks like this:
after applying unstack with 'city' as the level, the dataframe is reshaped:
now, the 'city' levels from the index have become columns, resulting in a more straightforward tabular structure.
the unstack method in pandas is a valuable tool for reshaping data, especially when dealing with hierarchical or multi-level index structures. it can simplify the representation of data and make it easier to perform further analysis or visualization.
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