Passive Aeroelastic Ornithopter wing with Forearm Torsion

This is a crude mock up of an ornithopter wing with forearm torsion to provide the proper wing twist for efficient flapping. Birds extend the wing to geometrically stiffen the wing in torsion during the downstroke. This model uses a "limit-stop" to minimize forearm torsion in the downstroke.

[tgreg]

Hey Steve, I remember your ornithopters every time someone "invent" one :) I think yours was around 1995 or earlier.