What Is ESP-NOW? (2021) | Learn Technology In 5 Minutes

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In this video, we will learn about the ESP-NOW protocol developed by Espressif Systems. This cutting-edge technology enables multiple devices to communicate wirelessly with one another by establishing a peer-to-peer network without the need for a central server.

ESP-NOW applies the IEEE802.11 Action Vendor frame technology, along with the IE function developed by Espressif, and CCMP encryption technology, realizing a secure, connectionless communication solution.

Resources:

ESP-NOW Overview:

ESP-NOW user guide:

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[bskull]

There are some well circulated mistakes shown in this video as well. First, ESP-NOW has a broadcast mode, it works with unpaired devices thus it can't have security (you can always come up with your own protocols with security, though). Second, an ESP-NOW network can have more than 20 devices. One device can have up to 20 peers, does not mean one peer of a device must also be paired with other peers of this device. So you can have networks with gateways paired with different set of devices to join the networks together, forming a larger network, though you need to define your routing protocol manually. In addition, with encryption, one device can have no more than 6 peers, because ESP-NOW supports up to 6 LMKs (local master keys), and to prevent device mocking, each device should have their own LMK, thus there can be no more than 6 devices in a network without using a gateway. BTW, for broadcast messages, the sent callback will always return success regardless the receiving ends have received it or not. The sender replies ACK to its own sent packet, and the sender will return success as long as it receives any ACK, including its own. This tells you the data has been sent (the channel is not badly jammed), so theoretically your data is in the air, but nothing more.