What is Osmosis? - Part 1 | Cell | Infinity Learn

But how does this process work? What is osmosis? Why does water only enters the cells? Can it travel in the other directions outside the cell as well? Watch this video to get introduced to this interesting concept of "Osmosis".

In this video, we will learn:
0:00 Introduction
0:31 active transport
1:19 diffusion - passive transport
1:40 Osmosis

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[InfinityLearn_NEET]

The pressure that moves water in and out of cells is called water potential. Pure water has a high water potential and so water is very likely to move into cells if they have water around them.

[devanshisharma]

happy to find out that such teachers still exist. :))

[xXJasmineJadeXx]

Thank you for explaining so well! It was very easy to understand.

[sreekumars]

thank you soo much for making this youtube channel.

[chavasaichowdary]

Osmosis is a process of movement of solvents through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.

[bhavyasreepbd]

Thank you for such a nice video....You explained the concept very well in such a short amount of time....It made me understand the concept very well....Please do more videos these are very helpful for us

[researchayan]

Actually water(solvent moves from low to high

But then I noticed that it's high water conc(low conc) to low water conc(high conc) which is practically the same!
Ok...

[uniquegaming]

In osmosis, water moves from areas of low concentration of solute to areas of high concentration of solute. So osmosis only occurs with a semipermeable membrane, and even with the membrane some water will move both sides.

[blivhes]

This is amazing! Thank you so much! 😊 I learned so much!

[vedantsridhar]

Don't Memorise, Cognito and Freesciencelessons, my and my teachers' most favorite learning channels

[swapnilsingh]

osmosis the movement of solvent molecules from the region of low concentration of solution to the region of high concentration of solution

[superdog]

OK I think I figured out a mechanism for osmosis. Sal's explanation is kind of correct but doesn't quite express it right.

The gist of it is that there is a net momentum vector for all the matter in the system that sits on the solute-solvent mixture side of the membrane. If you break the system down into two masses, the mass of water, and the mass of solute, we see that the mass of water's (solvent's) center of momentum movement is directly in the middle of the system over the membrane. However, when we look at the mass of solute's center of momentum, we see that it's in the middle of only the solute-solvent side. When you take the average of these two momentum vectors you get a net momentum vector that has a center somewhere between the two in physical space, so the tendency overall is for the water to move in the direction of the solute-solvent side toward the center of mass of the system.

Another way to think of it is that the barrier imparts energy to the system only on the side in which it is capable of deflecting matter (solute side). The Brownian motion of the molecules is the driving energy of the movement of molecules in the system. Where does the energy come from from the Brownian motion? Well, perhaps there is some internal energy at the subatomic/nuclear level, but I suspect it's more driven by the addition of heat from the environment and the transfer of kinetic energy to the particles from the barrier and walls. If a molecule hits the membrane, it is accelerated in the opposite direction. Energy is imparted to the molecule from the wall, and the wall gains energy from the particle. With each exchange, some kinetic energy is lost due to friction. Because the membrane is, on net, only interacting with the solute particles, any kinetic energy that the solute particles lose to the membrane barrier is lost only in that side of the system, but not the other half. This would imply the overall kinetic energy of the solute-solvent system is less than the pure-solvent side, which would obviously lower the water pressure and thus move water, on net, into the solute-solvent mixture side.

But, you might ask, osmosis is powerful enough, apparently, to work against gravity. This requires work, so energy LOSS doesn't seem to really explain how it can do work. Well, like I said, the Brownian motion of the particles is constant overall, so whatever inputs to the Brownian motion of the particles are, it must be the energy into these inputs that osmotic energy is driven by. It must be the case that the heat of the environment is going into one side of the system at a higher right than the other. I suppose that the solution must have the same temperature throughout on both sides of the membrane (does it? I suppose this could be measured). The order of energy seems to be:

heat from environment --> Brownian motion of liquid particles (Kinetic Energy) --> energy lost to membrane barrier

The energy lost to the barrier must be small compared to the increased input from the environment, otherwise you wouldn't be able to do work like elevate the solution against gravity. I would therefore speculate that the rate of heat intake in the system is greater on the solute-solvent side, because for the Brownian motion to remain constant, one needs an increased amount of energy to compensate for the energy lost at the membrane.

So that's my hypothesis about osmotic mechanism. Any thoughts?

The next question I have is: if this description is correct, does it imply that the total osmotic pressure is linked (proportional to) to the surface area of the membrane, or that the surface area of the membrane merely affects the rate of osmosis overall? Intuition at first tells me that the increased surface area of a membrane should increase the osmotic pressure overall, however as far as I know, the osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the solute concentration only, not the membrane surface area. This may imply that the surface area of the membrane only affects the rate of exchange, but not the overall osmotic pressure. This could be tested empirically by simply having two separate identical systems in terms of water mass, solute concentration on one side, and varying only the surface area of the membrane, and then measuring (1) what the rate of water movement is, and (2) what the overall end result is at equilibrium. If the rate varies but the end result is the same, then the membrane surface area doesn't affect the osmotic pressure. If the end result varies, then the osmotic pressure is proportional to the surface area of the membrane. As a secondary experiment, you could measure the temperature of the fluids and the rate of heat exchange on both sides of the membrane.

[ssioi]

thank you very much for this, you made it easier to understand 😭💖.

[samsamelia]

you so much. This was the best explanation 👏 👌

[yourbrogaming]

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[timtamsauce]

I UNDERSTAND IT NOW! THANK YOU SO MUCHHH

[fuckedupinthehousereadingb]

I have exams tomorrow and I am happy i found You (TEACHER)

[eldhomathew]

Good video. ..really interesting to learn. ..expecting more interesting videos. ..

[pavanimunagala]

This is very easy to remember . It helped me alot. tq 😊

[jamessol]

You work so hard. How are you making all these videos at the same time! Thank you so so much for everything. We all appreciate your work because your videos are fantastic.