L31: Networking Basics for Hacking | OSI, TCP/IP, Ping, Traceroute | Using VPN | The Easy Concepts

L31: Networking Basics for Hacking | OSI, TCP/IP, Ping, Traceroute | Hiding Your IP using VPN | The Easy Concepts

In this tutorial, we have discussed the basics of computer networking for ethical hacking.
In simple terms, a Computer Network is two or more computers connected together for the purpose of communicating data using a set of rules or standards which are known as protocols.

Ping - It is a utility that helps one to check if a particular IP address is accessible or not. Ping works by sending a packet to the specified address and waits for the reply. It also measures round trip time and reports errors.

Traceroute - It is a utility that traces a packet from your computer to the server, and will also show the number of steps (hops) required to reach there, along with the time by each step. So basically it shows the path from source to destination.

OSI is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes communication using a set of protocols. It consists of 7 layers – Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link Layer, and Physical Layer.

There is another model that helps to determine the way a specific computer should be connected to the internet and how it should transmit data between them. It is called the TCP/IP model has 4 layers – Application, Transport, Internet (Network), Network Interface.

Private and Public IP Address Ranges
Certain IP addresses are reserved for public use and others for private use. This is what makes private IP addresses unable to reach the public internet because they aren't able to communicate properly unless they exist behind a router.
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

Excluding the addresses above, public IP addresses range from 1 to 191.

Please watch the full video to learn the concepts in more detail.
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