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Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO) BCBA/RBT Exam Prep
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Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO):
Definition of DRO:
Differential reinforcement refers to reinforcing the absence of a behavior during a given time interval.
You would use DRO when:
Differential reinforcement is typically used to decrease a behavior. This is typically used only for dangerous behaviors that occur at a very high rate that must be extinguished. You would generally not want to use DRO first as it does not teach a replacement behavior and you can inadvertently reinforce other undesirable behaviors by reinforcing any behavior but the target behavior. This behavior should typically only be used for dangerous behaviors such as aggression or self injury. There are two serious advantages to DRO though. For one, it is very easy to use for teachers and parents. Two, you are working on the behavior indirectly since you are reinforcing its absence which is important since you do not want a dangerous behavior to occur.
Examples of DRO:
John frequently engages in biting his therapist as an escape behavior. This behavior is dangerous and occurs at a high rate. John’s therapist sets a timer and if he does not bite during the one minute interval he gets a token.
During recess, Jennifer will frequently run up to children and push them, laugh and walk away. This occurs fairly regularly every day during recess. The parents of other kids are starting to complain and the teacher frequently cannot let Jennifer participate in recess. Snack occurs right after recess. The school’s BCBA recommends that her teacher provide Jennifer with a special snack if she does not engage in pushing her friends outside of recess.
Jillian will often bite her hand when she is upset. This occurs frequently in therapy sessions. She is very highly reinforced by youtube videos. For every five minutes that she does not engage in biting herself she is allowed to watch one minute of a youtube video. If she bites herself, her therapist restarts the timer.
To learn more about differential reinforcement visit:
Definition of DRO:
Differential reinforcement refers to reinforcing the absence of a behavior during a given time interval.
You would use DRO when:
Differential reinforcement is typically used to decrease a behavior. This is typically used only for dangerous behaviors that occur at a very high rate that must be extinguished. You would generally not want to use DRO first as it does not teach a replacement behavior and you can inadvertently reinforce other undesirable behaviors by reinforcing any behavior but the target behavior. This behavior should typically only be used for dangerous behaviors such as aggression or self injury. There are two serious advantages to DRO though. For one, it is very easy to use for teachers and parents. Two, you are working on the behavior indirectly since you are reinforcing its absence which is important since you do not want a dangerous behavior to occur.
Examples of DRO:
John frequently engages in biting his therapist as an escape behavior. This behavior is dangerous and occurs at a high rate. John’s therapist sets a timer and if he does not bite during the one minute interval he gets a token.
During recess, Jennifer will frequently run up to children and push them, laugh and walk away. This occurs fairly regularly every day during recess. The parents of other kids are starting to complain and the teacher frequently cannot let Jennifer participate in recess. Snack occurs right after recess. The school’s BCBA recommends that her teacher provide Jennifer with a special snack if she does not engage in pushing her friends outside of recess.
Jillian will often bite her hand when she is upset. This occurs frequently in therapy sessions. She is very highly reinforced by youtube videos. For every five minutes that she does not engage in biting herself she is allowed to watch one minute of a youtube video. If she bites herself, her therapist restarts the timer.
To learn more about differential reinforcement visit:
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