Structure of Atom Class 11 Chemistry - Planck's Quantum Theory of Radiation

Structure of Atom Class 11 Chemistry - Planck's Quantum Theory of Radiation

Wave theory specifies electromagnetic radiations as waves. In contrast to this, Planck’s Quantum theory suggests electromagnetic radiations to have Particle Nature. We are already familiar with the wave theory. Now we will learn about Planck’s Quantum Theory.
In 1890 Max Planck studied the energy emitted by hot bodies at different temperatures. To his surprise he found that the radiations emitted from hot body are not continuous, instead, these are radiated discontinuously in the form of small energy packets. Each energy packet is called quanta. In case of light beam, the quantum of energy is called photons. So, with this theory a beam of light can be thought as a stream of photons.
He further found that the amount of energy contained in each quantum of radiation is directly proportional to the frequency of radiation. I.e. If E is the energy of a quantum and 𝜈 is the frequency of the radiation then E ∝ 𝜈
∴ E = h 𝜈
where h is the constant of proportionality called Planck’s Constant whose value is 6.625 × 10-34 J s . As 𝜈 = c/λ so the energy of quantum can also be expressed as
E = h c/λ
Also, the body can emit or absorb energy only in terms of whole number multiple of a quantum. I.e. E = nh𝜈
where n=1,2,3,4,...
So it means a body can emit or absorb energy as h𝜈, 2h𝜈, 3h𝜈, … but not like 1.5h𝜈.
This is the Planck’s Quantum Theory.

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