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Pair Production in Urdu Hindi || 12th Class Physics-Chapter #19 || 2nd year Physics
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Pair production and annihilation are fundamental processes in the field of physics. Pair production is the creation of a particle and its antiparticle from a single photon, while pair annihilation is the opposite process in which a particle and its antiparticle annihilate each other, producing photons. These processes are governed by the principles of quantum mechanics and play an important role in understanding the behavior of matter and energy.
Pair production and annihilation of matter occur due to the pair production effect, which is a result of the principle of mass-energy equivalence. This principle, famously expressed by Albert Einstein's equation E=mc², states that mass and energy are interchangeable and can be converted into each other. In the case of pair production, the energy of a photon is converted into the mass of a particle and its antiparticle.
Pair production can occur in a variety of ways. One common way is through the interaction of a high-energy photon with an atomic nucleus. In this process, the photon interacts with the electric field of the nucleus, creating a virtual electron-positron pair. The virtual pair then interacts with the electric field of the nucleus again, and this time, the electron and positron become real, physical particles.
Pair production can also occur in the presence of a strong electric field, such as that found near a black hole. In this scenario, the electric field is so strong that it can create a pair of particles even in the absence of a photon.
Pair annihilation occurs when a particle and its antiparticle come into contact and annihilate each other, producing photons. The photons produced in pair annihilation have energies equal to the masses of the particles that were annihilated. For example, when an electron and a positron annihilate each other, they produce two photons, each with an energy of 0.511 MeV, which is the mass-energy equivalent of the electron and positron.
Pair production and annihilation are important concepts in the study of particle physics. They are used to explain phenomena such as gamma-ray bursts, where high-energy photons are produced through pair production and subsequently annihilate with their antiparticles to produce more photons.
Pair production, in physics, formation or materialization of two electrons, one negative and the other positive (positron), from a pulse of electromagnetic energy traveling through matter, usually in the vicinity of an atomic nucleus. Pair production is a direct conversion of radiant energy to matter. It is one of the principal ways in which high-energy gamma rays are absorbed in matter.
For pair production to occur, the electromagnetic energy, in a discrete quantity called a photon, must be at least equivalent to the mass of two electrons. The mass m of a single electron is equivalent to 0.51 million electron volts (MeV) of energy E as calculated from the equation formulated by Albert Einstein, E = mc2, in which c is a constant equal to the velocity of light. To produce two electrons, therefore, the photon energy must be at least 1.02 MeV. Photon energy in excess of this amount, when pair production occurs, is converted into motion of the electron-positron pair.
If pair production occurs in a track detector, such as a cloud chamber, to which a magnetic field is properly applied, the electron and the positron curve away from the point of formation in opposite directions in arcs of equal curvature. In this way pair production was first detected (1933). The positron that is formed quickly disappears by reconversion into photons in the process of annihilation with another electron in matter.
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Pair production and annihilation of matter occur due to the pair production effect, which is a result of the principle of mass-energy equivalence. This principle, famously expressed by Albert Einstein's equation E=mc², states that mass and energy are interchangeable and can be converted into each other. In the case of pair production, the energy of a photon is converted into the mass of a particle and its antiparticle.
Pair production can occur in a variety of ways. One common way is through the interaction of a high-energy photon with an atomic nucleus. In this process, the photon interacts with the electric field of the nucleus, creating a virtual electron-positron pair. The virtual pair then interacts with the electric field of the nucleus again, and this time, the electron and positron become real, physical particles.
Pair production can also occur in the presence of a strong electric field, such as that found near a black hole. In this scenario, the electric field is so strong that it can create a pair of particles even in the absence of a photon.
Pair annihilation occurs when a particle and its antiparticle come into contact and annihilate each other, producing photons. The photons produced in pair annihilation have energies equal to the masses of the particles that were annihilated. For example, when an electron and a positron annihilate each other, they produce two photons, each with an energy of 0.511 MeV, which is the mass-energy equivalent of the electron and positron.
Pair production and annihilation are important concepts in the study of particle physics. They are used to explain phenomena such as gamma-ray bursts, where high-energy photons are produced through pair production and subsequently annihilate with their antiparticles to produce more photons.
Pair production, in physics, formation or materialization of two electrons, one negative and the other positive (positron), from a pulse of electromagnetic energy traveling through matter, usually in the vicinity of an atomic nucleus. Pair production is a direct conversion of radiant energy to matter. It is one of the principal ways in which high-energy gamma rays are absorbed in matter.
For pair production to occur, the electromagnetic energy, in a discrete quantity called a photon, must be at least equivalent to the mass of two electrons. The mass m of a single electron is equivalent to 0.51 million electron volts (MeV) of energy E as calculated from the equation formulated by Albert Einstein, E = mc2, in which c is a constant equal to the velocity of light. To produce two electrons, therefore, the photon energy must be at least 1.02 MeV. Photon energy in excess of this amount, when pair production occurs, is converted into motion of the electron-positron pair.
If pair production occurs in a track detector, such as a cloud chamber, to which a magnetic field is properly applied, the electron and the positron curve away from the point of formation in opposite directions in arcs of equal curvature. In this way pair production was first detected (1933). The positron that is formed quickly disappears by reconversion into photons in the process of annihilation with another electron in matter.
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