Soil - Chapter 6 Geography NCERT class 11

Key notes and summary of Class 11 NCERT Chapter 6 - Soil. In this chapter we will understand the various types of soil in India and its formation.
1. Alluvial Soil
2. Red Soil
3. Black Soil
4. Desert Soil
5. Peaty / Marshy Soil
6. Mountain / Hill Soil
7. Laterite Soil

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[debashree]

Sir Humus is not small microorganisms living under the soil rather the organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms

[kalyanishankarthakur]

Time stamps
Alluvial soil - 0:41
Red soil - 2:15
Black soil - 3:19
Laterite soil - 4:36
Desert soil. - 5:46
Peaty soil. - 6:35
Forest soil - 7:53

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[voyagerspeaks]

Although alluvial soils are naturally poor in humus and nitrogen, they can still be fertile for agriculture for several reasons:

High fertility of parent material: Alluvial soils are formed from sediment that is carried and deposited by rivers, which can include a variety of minerals and nutrients that are essential for plant growth. This means that alluvial soils can have high levels of other essential plant nutrients, such as phosphorus, potassium, and calcium.

Good drainage: Alluvial soils are well-drained, which is important for growing crops that require a lot of water, such as rice. The good drainage of alluvial soils can also help to prevent waterlogging, which can be harmful to crops.

Good aeration: Alluvial soils have a high level of porosity, which means that they have good air circulation, which is essential for healthy root growth and plant development.

Good water retention: Alluvial soils have a high capacity to retain water, which can be beneficial for crops during periods of drought.

Despite these advantages, alluvial soils can still benefit from the addition of organic matter and nitrogen-rich fertilizer to maintain their fertility and support the growth of crops. This can help to improve soil structure, increase the soil's capacity to hold water, and promote healthy plant growth.




Voyager speaks
why is alluvial poor in phosphorus
Alluvial soils are often poor in phosphorus for several reasons:

Soil erosion: Alluvial soils are formed from sediment that is carried and deposited by rivers and other bodies of water, which can lead to soil erosion. Erosion can remove phosphorus and other nutrients from the soil, reducing its fertility.

Low organic matter: Alluvial soils are often low in organic matter, including humus, which is an important source of phosphorus. This can limit the amount of phosphorus available to plants.

Chemical reactions: Phosphorus can be lost from soil due to chemical reactions that convert it into forms that are not readily available to plants. This can be particularly pronounced in alluvial soils, which are often alkaline and have high pH levels, which can lead to the formation of stable phosphorus compounds that are not available to plants.

Adsorption: Phosphorus can also be lost from soil due to adsorption, which is the process by which nutrients are absorbed by the soil particles and become unavailable to plants. Alluvial soils have high levels of iron and aluminum oxide, which can adsorb phosphorus and limit its availability to plants.

In summary, alluvial soils can be poor in phosphorus due to soil erosion, low organic matter, chemical reactions, and adsorption. To maintain their fertility, alluvial soils may require the addition of phosphorus-rich fertilizers to support healthy plant growth.

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