How to identify COPD symptoms at home | MN Medicare Center | Part 1 | COPD

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. The primary types of COPD are emphysema and chronic bronchitis, both of which often coexist and contribute to the overall severity of the disease.

#### Causes

1. *Smoking:* The leading cause of COPD is cigarette smoking. Long-term exposure to tobacco smoke irritates and inflames the lungs, causing damage to the airways and air sacs.
2. *Environmental Factors:* Prolonged exposure to pollutants, such as industrial fumes, dust, and chemicals, can contribute to the development of COPD.
3. *Genetics:* A genetic condition called Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency can cause COPD, even in non-smokers, by leading to the breakdown of lung tissue.
4. *Respiratory Infections:* Frequent respiratory infections during childhood can affect lung development and increase the risk of COPD in adulthood.

#### Symptoms

1. *Chronic Cough:* A persistent cough, often referred to as a "smoker's cough," is one of the earliest signs of COPD.
2. *Shortness of Breath:* Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activities, is a common symptom as the disease progresses.
3. *Wheezing:* A whistling or squeaky sound when breathing is often present.
4. *Chest Tightness:* Patients frequently experience a feeling of tightness or pressure in the chest.
5. *Increased Sputum Production:* Excessive mucus production is typical, leading to frequent clearing of the throat.
6. *Frequent Respiratory Infections:* People with COPD are more susceptible to colds, flu, and pneumonia.