The Clovis Culture

#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman
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Sources:
Bellos, Alex (14 February 2000). "Brazilian Findings Spark Archeological Debate" Meltzer, David (24 June 1995). "Stones of Contention"
Timothy B. Rowe et al. Human Occupation of the North American Colorado Plateau ∼37,000 Years Ago. Front. Ecol. Evol, published online July 7, 2022; doi: 10.3389/fevo.2022.903795
Bennett, Matthew R.; Bustos, David; Pigati, Jeffrey S.; Springer, Kathleen B.; Urban, Thomas M.; Holliday, Vance T.; Reynolds, Sally C.; Budka, Marcin; Honke, Jeffrey S.; Hudson, Adam M.; Fenerty, Brendan (24 September 2021). "Evidence of humans in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum"
Masakazu Yoshizaki, Pre-Ceramic Stone Industries at the Tachikawa Site, Southern Hokkaido (Hakodate: Hakodate City Museum, 1960). [吉崎昌一編 1960 『立川: 北海道磯谷郡蘭越町立川遺跡における無土器文化の発掘調査』市立函館博物館、函館.]
Thomas et al. 2017 "Explaining the origin of fluting in North American Pliestocene weaponry"
Pitulko, V & Nikolskiy, Pavel & Girya, Evgeny & Basilyan, Alexandr & Tumskoy, Vladimir & Koulakov, SA & Astakhov, S & Pavlova, E & Anisimov, MA. (2004). The Yana RHS site: Humans in the Arctic before the Last Glacial Maximum. Science (New York, N.Y.). 303. 52-6. 10.1126/science.1085219.
Wygal, B., Krasinski, K., Holmes, C., Crass, B., & Smith, K. (2022). Mammoth Ivory Rods in Eastern Beringia: Earliest in North America. American Antiquity, 87(1), 59-79. doi:10.1017/aaq.2021.63
Sain, Douglas A., "Clovis Blade Technology at the Topper Site (38AL23): Assessing Lithic Attribute Variation and Regional Patterns of Technological Organization" (2012).
Mark Q. Sutton (2021) Envisioning a Western Clovis Ritual Complex, PaleoAmerica, 7:4, 333-364, DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2021.1933334
G. Sanchez, V.T. Holliday, E.P. Gaines, J. Arroyo-Cabrales, N. Martínez-Tagüeña, A. Kowler, T. Lange, G. Hodgins, S. Mentzer, I. Sanchez-Morales Human (Clovis)–gomphothere (Cuvieronius sp.) association~ 13,390 calibrated yBP in Sonora, Mexico
C.V. Haynes, B. HuckellMurray Springs: A Clovis Site with Multiple Activity Areas in the San Pedro Valley, Arizona University of Arizona Press, Tucson (2007)
G.C. Frison, L. Todd The Colby Mammoth Site: Taphonomy and Archaeology of a Clovis Kill in Northern Wyoming University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque (1986)
Rasmussen, Morten; et al. (February 13, 2014). "The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana"
Boldurian, Anthony. (2007). Clovis Beveled Rod Manufacture: An Elephant Bone Experiment. North American Archaeologist. 28. 28-57. 10.2190/NA.28.1.b.
Lyman, R. Lee et al. “A Mechanical and Functional Study of Bone Rods from the Richey–Roberts Clovis Cache, Washington, U.S.A.” Journal of Archaeological Science 25 (1998): 887-906.
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[NORTH]

Check out my video on the Folsom culture!

[nem]

Last time I was this early, the Clovis culture was still flourishing.

[phreaspeek]

I lived in Folsom, New Mexico on a 40, 000 acre ranch. I found hundreds of points and tools. Unfortunately I had everything stolen and all I have left are a few pictures. Thank you for these videos they remind me of really great times.

[Galvaxatron]

Your pacing and vocal cadence combined with the incredibly relevant footage is pretty much perfect for a brain like mine. Every word or image is relevant and precise or at least evocative. No filler, no downtime. Damn near perfect production. Great work!

[jay]

I'm such a prehistory buff and I'm so impressed by your content. Well researched. You never miss!

[rockinbobokkin]

In Western Alaska, atlatl (naqaq) are still used for laying a point into a seal, attached by a line to a float, preventing the seal from diving deep or swimming very quickly. I'm not yupik, so I didn't hunt seal myself, but I did trade some things for darts, points, and naqaq. Traditionally, the points are carved from beluga whale teeth, but these days, brass fittings filed into shape is preferred. The points are surprisingly small and barbed, with a slight hook to the point. The points are not to be touched by human flesh, once crafted. The oils of human skin can cause the very fine points to bounce off the seal hide, rather than penetrate. The naqaq can often be crafted from driftwood harvested from the Yukon River, however, as the land there is nearly treeless tundra, the shafts of the darts are crafted from lightweight wooden dowels that are imported in pre-crafted bundles, often bought in bulk as a collective through the Tribal Corporation funds.

[selfinihalation]

I still don't rule out the Solutrean Hypothesis.
I have read many studies about the similarities between the Basque language and Na'Dene languages of North America. Unfortunately, these studies don't receive much publicity because White Nationalist Conservative agendas permeate the Scientific community .
Theres also genetic merit to this theory as well. Both Haplogroup Q (North America) and Haplogroup R1 (Basque) share a common descent from haplogroup K, which has been found in the earliest remains from Europe.

[lilykatmoon]

Great video! My BA is in Anthropology, but i went to college in the late 80s/early 90s. The debate on whether the Clovis people were the first in the Americas was heating up. I remember one professor who was an outlier in the program saying he believed that people were here before them. Interesting how 30+ years can change the narrative.

[ramonamcmahon]

As ever an absolute joy to watch, thank you.

[ou....]

You know it's going to be a good day when you start it off with new NORTH02 video.

[flammabletoast]

My man 👊🏼💪🏽💪🏽 North02 never fails to deliver and never ceases to amaze, yet another brilliant piece of history written and made by this man on the Clovis culture, love it ❤️

[Mydarkarts]

I love learning about Clovis people very fascinating and I made a atlatls when I was 15 and a Clovis spear as will. Love my ancestors. Great video Northo2 I love it very much.

[rey]

Those bone rods at 15:30 actually look like my leatherworking tools called burnisher bones. They're also made out of bone, because plastic is too brittle and metal stains the leather eventually. Wood also splinters and can't be used. You use burnisher bones to help make the leather smooth and more weatherproof. I have one that my grandfather used and it still works perfectly, much better then plastic or wooden ones. I haven't made a lot of flint arrowheads in my life however, so I am unsure if they can be used for a process as well. I doubt it though, as the bone would likely splinter and be useless for leatherwork afterwards.

You can also use them to scrape the excess fat and skin off of a hide before drying it, along with dehairing it after the drying process. I have also seen them be used as a way to pry meat off of bones and help dig the brains out of animals (the brain is usually boiled into mush and used in the tanning process as it contains natural tannins).

[Jillybear]

I can see how much love you put into, both the video, AND your spears. So incredible that you were able to craft such intricate objects

[prairierider]

Oooooh YAY, I new North 02 upload. I have a learning disability and back when I was in school, we were just labelled as stupid or lazy. In grade 6, I had a teacher that decided to go with ancient man instead of the regular solar system science project. This was early 80s. I learned about so many ancient man that are now classified as the same species that were actually more wide spread (thanks to your previous series homo erectus/habilis) and how many more different species they used to think were a different species. Point is, from your absolutely well done documentaries, I’m learning more than I ever knew I could. This platform is what the internet used to be touted as, it is the greatest technology of current mankind as everything you ever wanted to know, can be found (long before selfies/pic of foods, people doing stupid things, conspiracy theories..etc). I truly wish schools would use your uploads as a learning tool, not all people learn the same way. Thank you for not only continuously teaching me new things, but getting my interest back up to archeology and I’ve even started volunteering at local digs (I’m in Canada, lots of history here, they even think we could have been in North America now from between 20k to 40k years ago! You have also helped me fall asleep when I can’t shut my brain off with your very mellow demeanour!

[aresmars]

Somewhere I read that hunting to exhaustion was an important technique, causing animals to overheat and collapse, but herd animals can defeat this by running together so you end up chasing different animals, so hunters needed a way to mark their identified prey and differentiate it from other animals in a herd, so one trick would be to have a spear that can stick into an animal and stay lodged, not to help hurt the animal but just to keep it marked. Maybe this works better in a warm climate, but even in cold climates warm days would be tough on animals with a lot of fur.

[bruceryba]

My two cents on the foreshafts idea. I always assumed what I had read was correct-that the dart and foreshaft allowed the hunter to retrieve the dart after hitting the prey and re load so speak.
However as a flint knapper, who makes my own darts and and foreshafts, and hundreds of hours of using the spear thrower, it soon became obvious, the primary reason for the foreshaft on the dart is simply if you miss your first throw and your stone tip breaks, you can quickly replace the stone tip or you are suddenly without a tool for hunting.
Yes you can sit down and repair the point, pressure flake the tip--if the point is not broke in half, but that emergency repair might take ten to twenty minutes. Replacing the entire point may take hours.
Yes, carry the extra spear/dart, but accidents happen. I have missed the target and sunk the point three inches into a pine tree. (If using non heat treated chert)
But the trade off? Personally (meaning my construction) I have yet to create the socket on the dart tip that will survive the excellent cast in the video. I have made those throws with pride and satisfaction, only to find my dart socket crushed, but the foreshaft & flint okay. And of course I was crushed. it had taken me a week to straighten, fletch and drill the socket for that one dart shaft.

It all made me wonder how much of an impact on a mammoth would crush the socket because of the sudden stop, then penetration? A modern day elephant is a good example-will your throw break the socket on that thick hide? During those ages past, as hunter I would have carried both types, the foreshaft type for horse and deer, and non foreshaft darts for the bigger stuff.

And of course, there the problem that modern bow hunters face. Shoot the game and then wait hours for the animal to bleed out. Mega-fauna--just throw and run, don't be the slowest runner.
A short-faced cave bear? Do not throw, just migrate.

[redriver]

Yes, yes, and more yes....North02. I've been waiting for this one for quite some time. THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THIS. You're the man.

I live in Western Kentucky and I know of many Clovis Sites in my area....as well as Southern Illinois and North Middle Tennessee. I hunt them often for artifacts and have found many Paleo artifacts. It is my passion to hunt Paleo and Early Archaic It consumes me when I see a chance to hunt them.

[TheTel]

I really enjoyed the chance to look over the script, very cool to see behind the scenes. Great job on this one! It's a big topic to fit into a single video, and this was really fun to watch.

[theajshortman]

I love how you mentioned the possibility of earlier human habitation, I think it's worth a look even if its controversial.