Biosynthesis | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:


00:01:10 1 Properties of chemical reactions
00:04:34 2 Lipid
00:05:21 2.1 Phospholipids
00:06:46 2.2 Sphingolipids
00:07:48 2.3 Cholesterol
00:08:50 3 Nucleotides
00:09:28 3.1 Purine nucleotides
00:12:50 3.2 Pyrimidine nucleotides
00:16:01 4 DNA
00:18:20 5 Amino acids
00:19:07 5.1 Amino acid basic structure
00:20:00 5.2 Nitrogen source
00:21:04 5.3 The glutamate family of amino acids
00:25:17 5.4 The serine family of amino acids
00:27:17 5.5 The aspartate family of amino acids
00:30:11 6 Proteins
00:31:04 6.1 Additional background
00:33:18 6.2 Translation in steps
00:33:35 6.2.1 Step 1: Initiation
00:34:04 6.2.2 Step 2: Elongation
00:35:03 6.2.3 Step 3: Termination
00:35:41 7 Diseases associated with macromolecule deficiency
00:37:59 8 See also



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- Socrates



SUMMARY
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Biosynthesis (also called anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.
The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.