Endless Stairs

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The Penrose stairs, also dubbed as the impossible staircase, is an impossible object created by Lionel Penrose and his son Roger Penrose. It can be seen as a variation on the Penrose triangle. It is a two-dimensional depiction of a staircase in which the stairs make four 90-degree turns as they ascend or descend yet form a continuous loop, so that a person could climb them forever and never get any higher. This is clearly impossible in three dimensions; the two-dimensional figure achieves this paradox by distorting perspective.

The best known example of Penrose stairs appears in the lithograph Ascending and Descending by M. C. Escher, where it is incorporated into a monastery where several monks ascend and descend the endless staircase.

The staircase had also been discovered previously by the Swedish artist Oscar Reutersvärd, but neither Penrose nor Escher were aware of his designs.

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0:04 "What do you think about, when I say endless stairs?"

Me: mario going up the endless staircase.... its classic

JM-wunb

What you can see you can build so you can build this as a continuous circuit- the trick is what are you validly seeing. In a clockwise journey by a person, yes, the top part is going down on the 2D plain, therefore can be a normally shaped staircase going down. Yes, the bottom part is going down on the 2D plain, therefore can be a normally shaped staircase going down. But, after that, the left part is going UP on the 2D plain and so is the top part. Does that itself mean that those two parts must be both going up if built in 3D space? They can be, they just wouldn't look like usual userfriendly stairs. Possibility 1 )The left part can be going down as it appears if the top part is going up - bearing in mind that the top part would be possible but it's a highly user-unfriendly design as the base of each step at the top would actually be a V shaped groove, with each step at the top ascending with tall diagonal, rather than vertical, steps. Alternatively, Possibility 2) because of perspective, the left hand part can be an overall horizontal path where each step base on the left is actually user-unhelpfully very slightly raised upwards in that picture with the drop of each step bringing it back to a horizontal path overall. This results in the top path being an upwards path that's a less steep form of the one mentioned in Possibility 1). Possibility 3) and most likely in a small scale setting where perspective has less impact- the top and left paths are constructed in a user-unfriendly way as outlined in the top 2 possibilities and, despite having 6 steps each, each is only slightly raising up.

Picnicl

@spinnenente it's all about the point of view. it's the same for the impossible triangle & cube. but you're right, it can't be considered an optical illusion. :)

razvakid

must use parallel camera, because effect is lost with perspective.

rogeriopenna

If you notice, the left side has less stairs then the right side.

jalvaradoja

theres acutally a way to make stairs like this without it being an illusion.
hint just tilt the stairs like the propellers of a helicopter. theyre tilted.

mr.luciddream

im not sure... but maybe it could be possible to make it if it's ground pieaces aren't straight... so it... pulls over a bit... and then have the stairs.... ugh nah

TheKlaustro

look at it closely and the stairs are really just flat but drawen really good

MRswavgav

strictly speaking its not an optical illusion cuz we don't trick the brain to see anything that isn't there or see something different from what it is
its a paradox cuz it looks real because the high and low point match up nicely

spinnenente

Great, thanks for breaking the universe.

RealHeredth

And that's how we see it is.
It's an illusion.

MEILNIETCERAFT

9tails Fox2 it's called a 5-cell.

xenontesla

When you move the diagrams the build will sorta move cause of earths rotation the building of stairs will look like its endless but if you go on it it isn't nothing can be endless in this world in real life

onurgul