The Bernie Madoff Scandal: How the Largest Ponzi Scheme in History Worked

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The Bernie Madoff Scandal: How the Largest Ponzi Scheme in History Worked

1. The Setup: A Reputation of Trust
Bernie Madoff built his career on a stellar reputation as a trusted figure on Wall Street. He was a former chairman of NASDAQ, giving him immense credibility. He offered consistent, above-average returns to clients, which attracted wealthy individuals, charities, and large institutional investors.

2. The Promise: Consistent, High Returns
Madoff promised investors steady returns, even during volatile market conditions. He claimed to use a "split-strike conversion strategy," a legitimate-sounding investment method, but in reality, he wasn’t investing the money at all.

3. The Flow of Money: Paying Old Investors with New Investments
Instead of generating profits through investments, Madoff took money from new investors to pay “returns” to earlier investors. This is the essence of a Ponzi scheme. As long as more money came in from new investors than was being taken out by existing ones, the scheme worked.

4. The Illusion: Fake Statements and Account Reports
Madoff provided detailed, falsified account statements to investors, showing fake profits and growth. This created the illusion of successful investments, keeping investors satisfied and unsuspecting.

5. The Recruitment: Word-of-Mouth and Exclusivity
Madoff’s scheme thrived on exclusivity. He cultivated an image of managing money for an elite, select group, making investors feel special. Satisfied investors often recommended friends and family, further fueling the flow of new money.

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