3. TIME SINCE DEATH RATE METHOD-LATE CHANGES-PUTREFACTION-MUMMIFICATION-ADIPOCERE #postmortemclock

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Late Changes
Putrefaction
Mummification
Adipocere Formation
Late Changes
Putrefaction
Mummification
Adipocere Formation
Putrefaction
Greenish discolouration appears over Caecum and abdomen in about 12-24 hours.
It spreads to whole of the abdomen & rest of the body in next 24 hours.
Marbling commences after 24 hours. Putrefactive odour is noticed at this time also.
12-18 hours after death gasses starts collecting in intestines & distends the abdomen.
Putrefaction
Greenish discoloration appears over Caecum and abdomen in about 12-24 hours.
It spreads to whole of the abdomen & rest of the body in next 24 hours.
Putrefaction
Marbling commences after 24 hours. Putrefactive odor is noticed at this time also.
12-18 hours after death gasses starts collecting in intestines & distends the abdomen.

This causes false rigidity & pressure effects.

This causes female genetalia appear pendulous.
In 48-72 hours after death, the rectum & uterus protrude.
Other Decomposition Changes
In 3-7 days, Teeth & Sutures of skull in children & young adults become loose.
In 5-12 days soft tissues liquify.
Only resistant viscera, which putrefy in 2-3 weeks are distinguishable, like prostate, non-gravid uterus.
In 1-3 months, the body is skeletonized.

Other Decomposition Changes
In 3-7 days, Teeth & Sutures of skull in children & young adults become loose.
In 5-12 days soft tissues liquify.
Other Decomposition Changes
Only resistant viscera, which putrefy in 2-3 weeks are distinguishable, like prostate, non-gravid uterus.
In 1-3 months, the body is skeletonize.
Modification Of Putrefaction Processes
The processes of putrefaction may be changed into Adipocere Formation or Mummification.
Time required for Adipocere formation is 5-12 days. Shortest recorded period being 3 days.
For complete mummification, the period ranges from 3-12 months or longer.
Modification Of Putrefaction Processes
The processes of putrefaction may be changed into Adipocere Formation or Mummification.
Modification Of Putrefaction Processes
Time required for Adipocere formation is 5-12 days. Shortest recorded period being 3 days.
Modification Of Putrefaction Processes
For complete mummification, the period ranges from 3-12 months or longer.
Mummification
In Dry & Hot conditions, there is modification of putrefaction process, which becomes arrested and body tissues undergo mummification.
Mummification is characterized by dehydration or desiccation of the tissues and viscera after death.

Adipocere Formation
It is a modification of process of putrefaction, which may become arrested and fatty tissue of body may get converted into fatty acids. It has the properties of fat and wax, so the name
(Adipose - Soft Fat) (Cera - Wax)
Fresh fat contains 0.5 % of free fatty acids, but within 4 weeks after death it rises to 20 % and after 12 weeks it becomes 70 %. This is the time when the Adipocere is obvious to the naked eye.

Adipocere material has a sweet rancid smell.
It is lighter than water, so when it develops in river or canal, the body then come to the surface being lighter in weight.