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The Maya civilization, renowned for its advancements and power, faced a dramatic collapse between 800 and 925 AD during the Mesoamerican Terminal Classic period. Once-thriving cities were abandoned, particularly in the southern lowlands, while some northern cities and Gulf Coast regions continued to prosper. The reasons for this decline have long puzzled historians, with theories ranging from warfare and climate change to social upheaval and resource mismanagement.

Research indicates that this decline was a gradual process over 150 years, not a sudden event. As trade decreased and warfare increased among city-states, the population faced rising death rates and abandoned settlements. The Maya's agricultural practices may have strained their environment, leading to deforestation and soil degradation.

The consensus among scholars suggests that the collapse resulted from a combination of factors: intensified warfare, overpopulation, and severe droughts. This combination created social disorder, prompting uprisings against the ruling class and contributing to the eventual abandonment of cities.

Despite the collapse of the southern lowlands, Maya civilization persisted in northern cities and highlands, with millions still speaking Mayan languages today. The collapse paved the way for the rise of the Toltec civilization, which would carry forward Mesoamerican cultural legacy.

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