Introduction to GUI based Operating System || Chapter 2.1 || Computer || in #Hindi

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Welcome to Computer Gyan,
in the last videos we finished chapter 1 of (C.C.C) introduction to computer,
And Here we started the chapter number- 2 of (C.C.C).

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An Operating system(OS) is system software that manage
computer hardware and software resources and provides
platform for application software and common services
for computer programs.

Basic of Operating System
Operating system is the main part of the system software
of any computer. It mainly provides an environment to run Operating System
the software and serves services to the computer hardware.
Basically operating system has two objectives:-

Managing the computer’s hardware
Providing the interface

Functions of Operating System
Process Management-A process is the instance of a computer program that is being execute by one or many threads. It contain the program code and its activity. Depending upon the operating system (OS), a process may be made up of multiple threads of execution that execute instructions concurrently.

Memory Management- As a Memory manager, the operating system handles the allocation and deal location of memory space as required by various programs.

File Management- The operating system is responsible for creation and deletion of files and directories.It is takes care of other file related activities such as organising, storing , retrieving,
naming and protecting the files.

Device Management-Operating system provides input/output sub-system between processes and device drivers. It handles the device caches, buffers and interrupts. It also detects the device failure and notifies the same to the user.

Security Management-The operating system protects system resources and information against destruction and unauthorised use, it keeps different program and data in such a manner that they do not interface with each other.
User Interface- Operating system provide the interface between user and hardware. User interface is a layer that actually interacts with the computer operator. The Interface consists of a set of commands or menus through which a user communicates with a program.

Type of Operating System:-

Real-Time Operating System
Features
It was designed to respond to an event within a predetermined time.
It aims to execute real-time application such as auto pilot mechanism used in aircrafts.
It has very little user-interface capability and no end-user utilities.

Single-User Operating System
Features
It is designed for one user to effectively use a computer at a time.
e.g. Windows 95/NT/2000, etc.

Multi-User Operating System
Feature
It allows many users to take advantage of the computer’s resources simultaneously.
It ensures that problem with one user doesn’t affect the entire community of users.
e.g. UNIX, VMS, LINUX, WINDOWS 2000 etc.

Single-Tasking Operating System
Feature
It allows only a Single program to run at a time.
e.g. F Palm OS etc.

Multi-Programming Operating System
Feature
It allow to run several programs at a time using time-sharing.
This Operating system keeps several jobs in memory at a time.

Multi-Tasking Operating System
Feature
This Operating System is the logical extension of multi-programming operating system.
It allows many users to share the computer’s resources simultaneously.
It reduce CPU idle time.
e.g. Microsoft’s Windows and Apple’s Mac OS.
Distributed Operating System
Feature
It uses multiple central processors to serve multiple real time applications.
It manages a group of independent computers and makes them appears to a single computer.
Data processing jobs are distributed among the processors according to their efficiency.
e.g. DOS

Batch-Processing Operating System
Feature
Similar type of jobs are grouped under batch and these batches are executed without user’s interruption.
Jobs are processed in the order of submission i.e. on first come first serve basic.
e.g. DOS, IBM OS/2, etc.

Multi-Processing Operating System
Feature
Use of two or more CPUs within a single computer system.
Two or more jobs can be executed at a single time.
e.g. Linux, Unix, Windows 2000, etc.
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