20.3 cis-trans isomerism (HL)

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Understandings:
Cis-trans isomers can occur in alkenes or cycloalkanes (or heteroanalogues) and differ in the positions of atoms (or groups) relative to a reference plane.
Applications and skills:
Construction of 3-D models (real or virtual) of a wide range of stereoisomers.
Guidance:
The term geometric isomers as recommended by IUPAC is now obsolete and cis-trans isomers and E/Z isomers should be encouraged in the teaching programme.
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