How to implement custom string formatting in python

#### example:

**output:**

#### advanced formatting:

you can also use positional and keyword arguments for more control:

**output:**

### 2. using f-strings (python 3.6+)

formatted string literals, or f-strings, provide a concise and readable way to embed expressions inside string literals. they are prefixed with `f` or `f`.

#### example:

**output:**

#### advanced formatting:

you can also format numbers and dates directly within an f-string:

**output:**

### 3. custom string formatting with `__str__` and `__repr__`

when you create a custom class, you can define how instances of that class are represented as strings by overriding the `__str__` and `__repr__` methods.

#### example:

**output:**

### 4. custom formatting with the `format()` method in classes

you can also provide custom formatting behavior by implementing the `__format__` method in your class.

#### example:

**output:**

### conclusion

...

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