'Professor Bernhardi' By Arthur Schnitzler

Arthur Schnitzler’s "Professor Bernhardi" is a compelling exploration of ethical dilemmas, anti-Semitism, and the clash between individual conscience and institutional power within the context of early 20th-century Viennese society. The play centers around Professor Bernhardi, a Jewish physician who prevents a Catholic priest from administering last rites to a young woman who is unaware she is dying. This act sets off a chain of events that exposes the deeply ingrained prejudices and the moral complexities of the society in which the characters live.At the heart of the play is the conflict between Bernhardi and the forces of the Catholic Church, represented by Father Reder and his allies. Bernhardi’s decision to bar the priest is motivated by his desire to allow the patient to die peacefully, without the fear and distress that the presence of the priest might cause. This act of compassion, however, is interpreted as an affront to the religious sensibilities of the broader community. The play deftly explores the theme of professional ethics versus religious duties, questioning where the line should be drawn when these two come into conflict. Bernhardi stands by his medical judgment, prioritizing the patient’s psychological state over religious rituals, while the Church sees this as a violation of sacred rites.Schnitzler uses this central conflict to critique the pervasive anti-Semitism of the time. Bernhardi’s Jewish identity becomes a focal point, with his actions being scrutinized not just on ethical grounds but through the lens of religious prejudice. The play reveals how anti-Semitism is not just a personal bias but institutionalized, affecting even the ostensibly neutral domain of medicine. Bernhardi's subsequent legal troubles and the political machinations that ensue underscore the systemic nature of this discrimination. The trial becomes less about the specific incident and more about societal prejudices and the scapegoating of Jews. Schnitzler’s portrayal of Bernhardi is sympathetic, emphasizing his integrity and commitment to his principles, in stark contrast to the bigotry he faces.The play also delves into the theme of power and its abuse. The hospital's board, the legal system, and the government are depicted as entities more concerned with preserving their own authority and public image than with justice or ethical considerations. Bernhardi's stand against these powerful institutions illustrates the courage required to maintain one's moral integrity in the face of overwhelming pressure. His ultimate resignation highlights the often-pyrrhic nature of such resistance, where victory is elusive, and personal sacrifice is significant.Schnitzler’s writing is marked by sharp dialogue and complex characterizations, bringing to life the multifaceted personalities involved in the conflict. Bernhardi is depicted as a principled and compassionate figure, yet he is also shown to be somewhat naive about the extent of the prejudice he faces. Other characters, such as Dr. Ebenwald and Dr. Flint, are portrayed with a blend of moral ambiguity and opportunism, reflecting the complexities of human motivations in a prejudiced society. Through these characters, Schnitzler exposes the varying degrees of complicity and resistance within the professional and social hierarchies.The play’s setting in a Viennese hospital is significant, symbolizing a microcosm of society where different belief systems and societal roles intersect and clash. The hospital, a place of healing and science, contrasts with the external forces of religion and politics, highlighting the tension between progress and tradition. Schnitzler’s use of this setting underscores the broader societal conflicts and the struggles between enlightenment ideals and entrenched prejudices.In "Professor Bernhardi," Arthur Schnitzler provides a nuanced and incisive critique of early 20th-century Viennese society, tackling issues of anti-Semitism, the clash between science and religion, and the ethical dilemmas faced by individuals. The play remains a powerful exploration of these themes, with its relevance extending beyond its historical context to address universal questions about morality, identity, and the nature of power.