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A NEW EXPERIMENT SEARCHING FOR DARK MATTER AT CERN
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The NA64 experiment started operations at CERN’s North Area earlier this year. It uses a unique setup to hunt down a specific type of dark matter particle called the dark photon. Some theories suggest that dark matter consists of a family of new particles and forces. In addition to gravity, dark-matter particles could interact with visible matter through a new force, which has so far escaped detection. Just as the electromagnetic force is carried by the photon, this dark force is thought to be transmitted by a particle called the dark photon. It is predicted to have a subtle interaction (a “mixing”, in particle-physics jargon) with the regular photon and therefore act as a mediator between visible and dark matter. CERN’s NA64 experiment looks for signatures of this visible-dark interaction using a simple but powerful physics concept: the conservation of energy. A beam of electrons coming from the Super Proton Synchrotron accelerator, whose initial energy is very precisely known (100 GeV), is aimed at a detector and the energy that it deposits is measured further downstream. Interactions between incoming electrons and atomic nuclei in the detector produce (visible) photons. If theories of dark forces are correct, however, these ordinary photons could occasionally transform into dark photons, which simply escape the detector and carry away a large fraction of the initial electron energy.Therefore, the signature of the dark photon is an event registered in the detector with a large “missing energy” that cannot be attributed to a process involving only ordinary particles, thus providing a strong hint for the dark photon’s existence. If confirmed, the existence of the dark photon would represent a breakthrough in our understanding the long-standing dark matter mystery.
Music: Brooks by Kai Engel
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Music: Brooks by Kai Engel
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
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