Basics on Sets and Set Notation (in contrast to tuples/sequences)

This lecture was created for (some) ANU students taking the course (PHIL2080, COMP2620/6262) as it provides some very basics on sets and notation related to sets. It contrasts it to notations for lists/sequences/tuples.

So I guess it might also be beneficial for anybody else who wants to refamiliarize him/herself with foundations math basics!

Errata:
(1) one difference between tuples and sequences is that tuples always have finite length, whereas sequences might have infinite length.
(2) I introduced [n,...,m] as shorthand for {n,...m}. However, one usually writes [n,m] as shorthand for {n,...m}.