Understanding Napoleon | 5 Minute Video

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He was the most famous man of his time – so much so that his name still defines his age. Born on an obscure island into humble circumstances, he rose to conquer a continent. Yet most today know little of him beyond their impression from popular caricature. His improbable story and its far-reaching consequences – both positive and negative – are the subject of this video from renowned historian and Napoleon scholar Andrew Roberts.

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Script:

Napoleon Bonaparte was the most famous man of the 19th century. At the peak of his power, he personally controlled more of the European continent than anyone since the great emperors of Rome.

Today, most people see him as an ambitious little man with an outsized ego. Others see him as a forerunner of the great aggressor of the twentieth century, Adolph Hitler.

This portrait is as flawed as it is unfair.

Napoleon Bonaparte was born on the 15th of August, 1769 on the Mediterranean island of Corsica. Ironically, the island, long connected to the city-state of Genoa, Italy, only became part of France the year before he was born. But for this twist of fate, Napoleon would never have been a French citizen, let alone its emperor. His parents sent him to the mainland at the age of nine where he studied to be a soldier. His facility in mathematics, organization, and map-reading marked him for future success.

The French Revolution, with its overworked guillotine, provided a unique opportunity for advancement—that is, for anyone who could keep his head (literally).

Napoleon did. He became a general by the age of twenty-four. At the age of twenty-six, he achieved a series of stunning victories in Italy against an Austrian army that had come to destroy the revolution and return the French royal family, the Bourbons, to the throne. These victories made him a national hero.

As shrewd a politician as he was a general, by the first month of the new century, at the tender age of 30, Napoleon was the undisputed leader of France. He crowned himself emperor on December 2, 1804, turning the French Republic into the French Empire with a Bonaparte line of succession. Napoleon’s establishment of a French empire only increased the fears of the royal houses of Europe and of France’s historical enemy, Britain.

As a result, in September 1805, Austria invaded Bavaria, a French ally, and Russia joined the attack. Napoleon and his Grande Armée roundly defeated them at the Battle of Austerlitz.

The Prussians were the next to test Napoleon, declaring war on him in 1806. The Austrians tried again in 1809. Napoleon didn’t start any of these wars, but he won them all.

When Russia broke an uneasy peace in 1812, Napoleon decided to invade. But this proved his undoing. His catastrophic winter retreat from Moscow cost him more than half a million casualties. The end came in June 1815 at the Battle of Waterloo, where the combined European armies, led by the Duke of Wellington, decisively defeated Napoleon’s forces. The battle could have gone either way. Wellington himself described it as “the nearest-run thing you ever saw in your life.”

In all, Napoleon won 46 of the 60 battles he fought, drawing seven and losing seven. His record clearly marks him as one of the greatest military commanders of all time. Yet, while Napoleon is best remembered for his military exploits, it’s his political reforms—both inside and outside of France—that had the most lasting effect.

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It's funny to see a British historian talking positively about Napoleon.

loopdelooperlouis
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Best Quote from Napoleon Bonaparte

I know men and I tell you that Jesus Christ is no mere man. Between Him and every other person in the world there is no possible term of comparison. Alexander, Caesar, Charlemagne, and I have founded empires. But on what did we rest the creation of our genius? Upon force. Jesus Christ founded His empire upon love; and at this hour millions of men would die for Him.”

Such TRUTH

ginaarmenia
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Believe it or not, but Napoléon did not start most of the wars he fought.
The war of the 3rd coalition was started by Britain who paid Austria and Russia to join them
The war of the 4th coalition was started by Britain, Russia, Prussia and Sweden
The war of the 5th coalition was started by Austria and Britain
The war of the 6th coalition was started by Austria, Russia, Britain, Prussia
The war of the 7th coalition was started by Britain, Austria, Russia, Prussia

The peninsula war and the Russian campaign are the only to times where Napoleon was the aggressor.

Cottereau
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When I was in middle school I too believed Napoleon was like Hitler, because my school only taught me about the wars he started and didn’t teach me anything about his accomplishments. Then, when I was in 9th grade I transferred to a different school and during that year I began to learn more about the French Revolution. And it was then that I learned that Napoleon WASN’T a psychopath like Hitler and whilst he was responsible for many wars, he was also responsible for many good things as well (it was also there that I learned he wasn’t short for his time). On top of the stuff mentioned in this video Napoleon also promoted freedom of religion, equality before the law for all men, and he promoted officers and government officials based on skill (rather than inheritance as had been done before) and more. And, as this video mentions, Napoleon wasn’t always the aggressor in the wars that he fought. I feel like WAY to many people are being compared to Hitler these days. Not only are most of the people who are compared to Hitler nothing like Hitler at all (Donald Trump for instance), but it’s also incredibly insulting to the millions of people who suffered and lost their lives or their loved ones lives at the hands of that vile man.

pingas
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Julius Caesar and Napoleon Bonaparte are my dad historical idols. When i was a child He used to tell me all their great achievements and narate to me their wars and deeds. I came to respect them a lot too and see them as most influential leaders through out all history.

flavione
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Summary: Napoleon was a mixed bag, like every human being.

jwil
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If Napoleon Bonaparte was alive today, he would've slapped Emmanuel Macron out of office and return France to its original glory.

marktylerson
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"I destroyed the Republic to protect the Republic"
-Palpatine, also Napoleon

seamuspink
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As Napoleon said two centuries ago: "China is a sleeping lion. Let her sleep, for when she wakes she will shake the world."
It seems that he was right since she has woken up !

johnfrancis
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France in the 19th century: *Surrendering dropped to 0%*

texanplayer
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Cant believe the truth is finally coming to light.
Long live the Emperor.

darwishsalam
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Not mentioning how he founded an army from 3000 peasants and escaped from the island of Elba to retake his throne is a sin.

IshfaaqPeerally
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"history is written by the victors" - Winston Churchill

jamessummers
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Napoleon was indeed amazing. You only touched the surface on his many achievements as he truly did so much for France, and for the poor that lived there, and also in many other places. While on Elba for a short time he also achieved many things for the citizens there. It is truly a shame that so many coalitions were started against him, since had be been allowed to have more peaceful times without other countries, particularly Britain (which triggered many of the conflicts) constantly bringing wars, I am certain he could have achieved so so much more. His final exile as well was so very wrong and undeserved. He should have been permitted to go abroad, perhaps to the Americas, as no doubt he would have left a mark there as well. Wish the ending could be changed for him.

elenaracansky
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Woah, PragerU is taking to the expert here. I’ve read about Napoleon since I was just a wee lad.

xkzfyjr
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You know, if he had ever been hit squarely with a cannon ball he'd be probably more known as Napoleon Blownapart...

djjazzyjeff
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I got to meet Dr. Roberts last Spring. He came to McClennan Community College to talk about his newer book on Winston Churchill, for which he was granted permission to use the journals of King George VI. Still need to get me a copy.

joshuawells
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I’m 12 in middle school. Can you make a video with some tips for kids like me? I know there are others like me. Also, I know you have already done one, but it’s for college students. Thank you no matter what. God bless America!

TheTriggeredDuckguitarist
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Thanks for making this. Napoleon is one of my favorite people from history.

LivingCrusader
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“Napoleon was born on the 15th of August 1769”

Me: Nice

johnnyappleseed