Adaptive Mesh Refinement went wrong with OpenFOAM

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As we all know, it takes time and experiment to get good results from the CFD simulations. In this attempt, 923 mesh ended up 53k mesh with LOTS OF non-orthogonal elements. So, this is a reminder of we must be careful what we wish(inputs) from the OpenFOAM.
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I don't understand.
What went wrong?

hopkinsjr
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Does it actually make sense to use AMR for a steady state solver? For velocity gradients for example i want to get only these regions of my mesh where the velocity gradients is greater than some certain level?

volkanatar
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You are always going to get non-orthogonal elements using an oct-tree (or quad-tree) method for refining the mesh. This is because (2d example ahead) the cell next to the refined cells becomes a skewed pentagon (meaning that the line connecting the cell centroids does not pass through a face centroid) and the faces connecting the unrefined and refined elements are not orthogonal (meaning that the line connecting the cell centroids is not orthogonal to the face). Hence, you need to use corrected interpolation schemes and non-orthogonal correctors. Notice that even your original grid had very skewed non-orthogonal faces (in the o-grids). This is not an issue of OpenFOAM, it is simply a characteristic of the finite volume mesh.

However, I would say OpenFOAM is handling the situation quite well here. I do not see anything obviously wrong in the solution from your video and I would not say that the adaptive mesh refinement went wrong. Even if OpenFOAM had a more advanced algorithm for AMR which was somehow capable of preserving orthogonality at the refined-unrefined interface, you would still have bad elements in your o-grid.

Also, notice that ANSYS FLUENT's AMR employs, at its core, the same principle for splitting the elements and therefore suffers of similar issues.

This said, I like your simulations!

fmuni
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What metric were you using for your adaptation rule? Maybe basing the adaptation on pressure differentials might solve this problem.

atatoraman