Liver cancer HCC treatment without surgery. Microwave ablation.#interventionalradiology #pinhole

Microwave ablation (MWA) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the most common type of primary liver cancer. This technique uses microwave energy to create heat that destroys cancer cells. Here’s a comprehensive overview of MWA for liver HCC:

# Indications
MWA is typically indicated for patients with:
- Small to medium-sized HCC tumors (typically less than 5 cm in diameter)
- A limited number of tumors (often up to 3)
- Tumors that are not suitable for surgical resection due to their location or the patient's overall health
- Recurrence of HCC after initial treatment

# Procedure
1. **Preparation**: Patients undergo imaging studies (CT or MRI) to determine the size, number, and location of the tumors. Blood tests are also performed to assess liver function and overall health.

2. **Anesthesia**: The procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia, although local anesthesia with sedation can be used in some cases.

3. **Imaging Guidance**: The procedure is guided by real-time imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI to accurately locate the tumor and guide the placement of the microwave antenna.

4. **Insertion of the Antenna**: A thin microwave antenna is inserted through the skin and directed into the tumor. The placement is verified with imaging.

5. **Ablation**: Microwave energy is delivered through the antenna, generating heat that destroys the tumor tissue. The duration and intensity of the ablation depend on the size and location of the tumor.

6. **Post-Ablation Monitoring**: Imaging is used to ensure the entire tumor has been ablated. The antenna is then removed, and the insertion site is bandaged.

# Advantages
- **Minimally Invasive**: Less trauma and quicker recovery compared to surgical resection.
- **Repeatable**: Can be performed multiple times if new tumors develop.
- **Outpatient Procedure**: Often done on an outpatient basis or with a short hospital stay.
- **Effective for Small Tumors**: Highly effective for tumors less than 3 cm in diameter.

#Limitations
- **Tumor Size and Location**: Less effective for larger tumors or those located near major blood vessels or bile ducts.
- **Incomplete Ablation**: Risk of incomplete ablation, especially for larger or irregularly shaped tumors.
- **Recurrence**: Tumors may recur at the same site or elsewhere in the liver.

#Outcomes
- **Survival Rates**: Comparable to other local ablative therapies for small HCCs, with 1-year survival rates ranging from 85% to 95%.
- **Complications**: Generally low, but can include bleeding, infection, liver damage, and damage to surrounding structures.

# Follow-Up
Regular follow-up with imaging studies and blood tests is necessary to monitor for recurrence and assess liver function. Follow-up typically occurs every 3 to 6 months after treatment.

#Conclusion
Microwave ablation is a valuable treatment option for patients with small to medium-sized hepatocellular carcinoma, especially when surgical resection is not feasible. Its minimally invasive nature, effectiveness, and ability to be repeated make it an important tool in the management of liver cancer.

Dr. Dharav Kheradia is dual trained both in neurointervention and peripheral / body vascular interventions. He comes with about a decade of experience in handling various vascular diseases (neuro- vascular, veins, angioplasty and stenting and embolization). His area of Interest is stroke and aneurysm coiling, varicose vein treatment, uterine fibroid and prostate artery embolization.
He is a MD Radiology, Fellowship in Interventional NeuroRadiology (KEM Hospital, Mumbai), Fellowship in neuro and vascular interventional Radiology (KMCH, Coimbatore).
Our Procedures are Varicose Veins, Uterine Fibroid, Prostate Enlargement, Knee Pain Osteoarthritis, Heal Diabetic Foot/ Gangrene Untraditionally with Alternative IR Treatment, Brain Aneurysm, Strokes, Aortic Aneurysm, Liver Cancer, and A Contrasting Approach for Dialysis Fistula Blockage.
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