Pharmacology – MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES (MADE EASY)

The menstrual cycle is defined by the regular, repetitive monthly occurrence of ovulation throughout a female’s reproductive life, which results from a complex feedback system involving the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, and uterus. The cycle has two components: the ovarian cycle, which consists of the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase; and the uterine cycle, which consists of menstruation, proliferative phase, and secretory phase. Both of these components are coordinated by hormones: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen, luteinizing hormone (LH), and progesterone. Several different types of birth control are available to women looking to prevent pregnancy or to regulate their menstrual cycle. One of the most the most widely used type is the oral tablet also known as the birth control pill. Hormonal birth control pills contain synthetic forms of estrogen and progesterone which regulate ovulation, thicken cervical mucus, or prevent implantation of the fertilized egg. Eexamples of agents used in birth control products are synthetic derivatives of estrogen: Ethinyl Estradiol and Mestranol; and synthetic derivatives of progesterone: Desogestrel, Drospirenone, Levonorgestrel, Medroxyprogesterone, Norgestrel, Norgestimate, and Norethindrone.

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References/source of selected illustrations:

00:00 Intro - Menstrual cycle
00:36 Follicular phase
03:36 Luteal phase
05:34 Hormonal contraceptives

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