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The Plant Cell | 13 Key Structures
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Please note: This description contains affiliate links, which means that if you make a purchase product links, I’ll receive a small commission. This helps support the channel and allows me to continue to make videos like this. Thank you for your support!
Images adapted from Wikipedia and OpenStax Biology
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Thanks for stopping by, this is 2 minute classroom and today we are talking about the plant cell.
The plant cell is the most basic unit of life in all “plants.”
Let’s go through the major structures of the plant cell and touch briefly on the function of each.
We’ll start on the outside with the cell wall. The cell wall is a rigid structure made of cellulose that provides strength and structural support to the cell and plant as a whole. The cell wall is also permeable, meaning it allows fluid to move through it freely. This is not the cell membrane, which is our next structure.
The cell membrane is what separates the cell from the environment outside the cell. It is also known as the phospholipid bilayer and has various structures to allow for selective inflow and outflow of water and other molecules and compounds.
Next is the Cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is everything within the confines of the cell membrane, including all organelles, proteins, and other structures. This is not the same as the cytosol, which is the fluid these organelles move around in.
Plant cells have a large central vacuole, and this vacuole is used for storage, but it also plays a large role in plant shape and stability. It gives plants turgor pressure. Under watered plants don’t have full central vacuoles and thus look limp or wilted.
The Golgi Apparatus or golgi body is the packaging and shipping center of the cell. It modifies molecules and proteins produced by the cell and sends them in vesicles to be shipped out of the cell.
Ribosomes are next and they are small structures throughout the cell made up of proteins and RNA. They are responsible for translating RNA into proteins for use in and out of the cell. They are found freely floating in the cell or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum, this is our next structure, and there are actually two types.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum aides in the production and storage of proteins that are made on the ribosomes attached to it. It’s these ribosomes that give it it’s “rough” texture and name. Proteins made in the rough ER and sent to the Golgi Apparatus.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER does not contain ribosomes and is involved with the production of lipids and aides in detoxification.
The Nucleus in the center of the cell, not necessarily in location, but in function. This is where your DNA is stored and protected. The DNA is read by special proteins and transcribed into RNA to be translated into proteins. Information that comes out of the nucleus determines how the cell functions and, ultimately, how your genes are manifested.
The Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. This is where cells and organisms get the energy to function. The mitochondria is the main producer of ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
Similar to the mitochondria is the chloroplast. I say similar, but chloroplasts really work in an opposite manner. They convert energy from sunlight and use it to form basic carbohydrate compounds. This is really the source of usable energy for nearly all living organisms.
The Cytoskeleton is the structure and framework of the cell. It contains a vast infrastructure of microtubules and microfilaments. It gives cells their shape and structural support.
The centrosomes are usually located near the nucleus and are responsible for the production of microtubules. They also play a critical role in mitosis, by moving to the ends of the cell and helping it divide.
So that’s a quick crash course into the plant cell. If you learned something please like this video and subscriber for more great content.
I love to respond to comments to please leave those below.
Don’t forget to check out my other videos and I’ll catch you next time.
---STUDY RESOURCES---
---VIDEOS AND PLAYLISTS---
---MY GEAR---
Please note: This description contains affiliate links, which means that if you make a purchase product links, I’ll receive a small commission. This helps support the channel and allows me to continue to make videos like this. Thank you for your support!
Images adapted from Wikipedia and OpenStax Biology
---TRANSCRIPT---
Thanks for stopping by, this is 2 minute classroom and today we are talking about the plant cell.
The plant cell is the most basic unit of life in all “plants.”
Let’s go through the major structures of the plant cell and touch briefly on the function of each.
We’ll start on the outside with the cell wall. The cell wall is a rigid structure made of cellulose that provides strength and structural support to the cell and plant as a whole. The cell wall is also permeable, meaning it allows fluid to move through it freely. This is not the cell membrane, which is our next structure.
The cell membrane is what separates the cell from the environment outside the cell. It is also known as the phospholipid bilayer and has various structures to allow for selective inflow and outflow of water and other molecules and compounds.
Next is the Cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is everything within the confines of the cell membrane, including all organelles, proteins, and other structures. This is not the same as the cytosol, which is the fluid these organelles move around in.
Plant cells have a large central vacuole, and this vacuole is used for storage, but it also plays a large role in plant shape and stability. It gives plants turgor pressure. Under watered plants don’t have full central vacuoles and thus look limp or wilted.
The Golgi Apparatus or golgi body is the packaging and shipping center of the cell. It modifies molecules and proteins produced by the cell and sends them in vesicles to be shipped out of the cell.
Ribosomes are next and they are small structures throughout the cell made up of proteins and RNA. They are responsible for translating RNA into proteins for use in and out of the cell. They are found freely floating in the cell or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum, this is our next structure, and there are actually two types.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum aides in the production and storage of proteins that are made on the ribosomes attached to it. It’s these ribosomes that give it it’s “rough” texture and name. Proteins made in the rough ER and sent to the Golgi Apparatus.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER does not contain ribosomes and is involved with the production of lipids and aides in detoxification.
The Nucleus in the center of the cell, not necessarily in location, but in function. This is where your DNA is stored and protected. The DNA is read by special proteins and transcribed into RNA to be translated into proteins. Information that comes out of the nucleus determines how the cell functions and, ultimately, how your genes are manifested.
The Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. This is where cells and organisms get the energy to function. The mitochondria is the main producer of ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
Similar to the mitochondria is the chloroplast. I say similar, but chloroplasts really work in an opposite manner. They convert energy from sunlight and use it to form basic carbohydrate compounds. This is really the source of usable energy for nearly all living organisms.
The Cytoskeleton is the structure and framework of the cell. It contains a vast infrastructure of microtubules and microfilaments. It gives cells their shape and structural support.
The centrosomes are usually located near the nucleus and are responsible for the production of microtubules. They also play a critical role in mitosis, by moving to the ends of the cell and helping it divide.
So that’s a quick crash course into the plant cell. If you learned something please like this video and subscriber for more great content.
I love to respond to comments to please leave those below.
Don’t forget to check out my other videos and I’ll catch you next time.
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