Orthodox Church | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Orthodox Church


00:02:17 1 Name and characteristics
00:05:10 1.1 Orthodoxy
00:11:42 1.2 Catholicity
00:14:20 2 Organization and leadership
00:17:14 2.1 Church councils
00:20:59 2.2 Adherents
00:24:03 3 Theology
00:24:12 3.1 Trinity
00:26:27 3.2 Sin, salvation, and the incarnation
00:30:47 3.3 Resurrection of Christ
00:32:50 3.4 Christian life
00:34:32 3.5 Most Holy Theotokos and Saints
00:37:46 3.6 Eschatology
00:40:26 3.7 The Bible
00:45:38 3.8 Holy Tradition and the patristic consensus
00:50:57 3.9 Territorial expansion and doctrinal integrity
00:54:31 4 Worship
00:54:40 4.1 Church calendar
00:56:35 4.2 Church services
01:01:07 4.2.1 Music and chanting
01:02:45 4.2.2 Incense
01:04:52 4.3 Fasting
01:08:58 4.4 Almsgiving
01:09:48 5 Traditions
01:09:57 5.1 Monasticism
01:13:48 5.2 Icons and symbols
01:15:48 5.2.1 Icons
01:20:19 5.2.2 Iconostasis
01:21:26 5.2.3 Cross
01:24:44 5.3 Art and architecture
01:27:28 5.4 Local customs
01:30:28 6 Holy mysteries (sacraments)
01:32:42 6.1 Baptism
01:34:35 6.2 Chrismation
01:35:36 6.3 Holy Communion (Eucharist)
01:37:00 6.4 Repentance (Confession)
01:38:31 6.5 Marriage
01:40:59 6.6 Holy Orders
01:43:31 6.7 Unction
01:44:35 7 History
01:44:43 7.1 Early Church
01:46:31 7.2 Ecumenical councils
01:50:21 7.3 Roman/Byzantine Empire
01:50:56 7.4 Early schisms
01:53:46 7.5 Conversion of East and South Slavs
01:56:30 7.6 Great Schism (1054)
01:59:13 7.7 Greek Church under Ottoman rule
01:59:59 7.8 Russian Orthodox Church in the Russian Empire
02:01:03 7.9 Orthodox churches under Communist rule
02:04:20 8 Relations with other Christians
02:08:21 9 Relations with Islam
02:09:16 10 Present
02:13:31 10.1 Main communion
02:19:34 10.2 Traditionalist groups
02:21:58 10.3 Churches not in communion with others
02:23:30 11 See also



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- Socrates



SUMMARY
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The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 200–260 million members. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, the Orthodox Church has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern and Southeastern Europe, the Caucasus, and the Near East. It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops, called a Holy Synod. The church has no central doctrinal or governance authority analogous to the Catholic pope, but the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by all as primus inter pares ("first among equals") of the bishops.
Eastern Orthodox theology is based on the Nicene Creed, and the church teaches that it is the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic church established by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, and that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles. It maintains that it practices the original Christian faith, passed down by sacred tradition. Its patriarchates, reminiscent of the pentarchy, and autocephalous and autonomous churches reflect a variety of hierarchical organisation. Of its innumerable Sacred Mysteries, it recognises seven "major sacraments," of which the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in synaxis. The church teaches that through consecration invoked by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church as the Mother of God, honoured in devotions.
The Eastern Orthodox Church shared communion with the Roman Catholic Church until the East–West Schism in AD 1054, triggered by disputes over doctrine, especially the authority of the Pope. Before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, Oriental Orthodox churches also shared in this communion, separating primarily over differences in Christology.
The majority of Eastern Orthodox Christians live in Eastern Europe, Greece, and the Caucasus, with smaller communities in the former Byzantine regions of the eastern Mediterranean, Africa, and to a decreasing degree also in the Middle East due to persecut ...