SQL Day 40/100 : Substring function in SQL #distributedsql #sqlprogramming #coding #databasetuning

SQL Day 40/100: SQL `SUBSTRING()` Function in 60 Seconds!

Want to extract a part of a string in SQL? The `SUBSTRING()` function is your go-to tool! Whether you need to grab a specific portion of data from a column or clean up messy text, this function can save you tons of time and effort.

👨‍💻 How does it work?
In SQL, the `SUBSTRING()` function allows you to extract a part of a string by specifying the starting position and length.

📌 Syntax:
```sql
SUBSTRING(string, start_position, length)
```

✨ Real-life examples:
- Extracting domain from emails
- Extracting area codes from phone numbers
- Isolating first names from full names
- Parsing date or time stamps

🎬 Watch the video for a demo and to learn how to use it in your queries!

### Most Asked Q&A about the `SUBSTRING()` Function:

1. Q: What is the basic syntax of `SUBSTRING()` in SQL?
A:
The basic syntax is:
```sql
SUBSTRING(string, start_position, length)
```
- `string`: The text string from which to extract a substring.
- `start_position`: The position where the extraction starts (1-based index).
- `length`: The number of characters to extract.

2. Q: What happens if the `start_position` is greater than the length of the string?
A:
SQL will return an empty string (`''`) if the starting position is greater than the length of the string.

3. Q: Can I use `SUBSTRING()` to extract from the end of a string?
A:
Yes, many SQL databases support negative indices for the `start_position`. For example, `SUBSTRING('Hello', -3, 2)` would return `'ll'`.

4. Q: Does `SUBSTRING()` work with non-text data types?
A:
The function works with text-based data types, like `VARCHAR`, `TEXT`, and `CHAR`. Non-text data types should be converted to strings first (e.g., using `CAST()` or `CONVERT()`).

5. Q: Can I extract multiple substrings in one query?
A:
Yes, you can call `SUBSTRING()` multiple times in a query to extract different parts of a string or use it in combination with other string functions like `CONCAT()`.

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