Anna Marie Pyle (Yale U./HHMI) Part 1: RNA Structure

Lecture Overview:
In Part 1, Dr. Pyle explains that many RNA molecules have elaborate structures that are essential for their functions. Even mRNA, a relatively linear molecule, can contain distinctive three- dimensional structures. RNA duplexes are the units of secondary structure, and these form in regions where base-pairing occurs. Duplex regions often include internal or terminal loops, and they can contain unusual types of base-pairing. These secondary structural elements can arrange themselves to form highly complex tertiary structures. It is the variety of these tertiary structures that allows for the great functional diversity of RNA.
In her second talk, Pyle focuses on the self-splicing Group II introns. These molecules are very large ribozymes that catalyze their own splicing and transposition, employing a reaction and an active-site similar to that of the eukaryotic spliceosome. To better understand the chemistry of pre-mRNA splicincg, Pyle and her group obtained a high-resolution crystal structure of the Oceanobacillus iheyensis Group IIC intron. The crystal structure provided insights into the key roles that divalent and monovalent ions play in RNA chemistry and tertiary architecture.
During the final talk in this series, Pyle switches her focus to a specialized class of mechanical proteins that bind and manipulate RNA molecules. This protein family includes RNA helicases, which translocate along RNA strands and strip away associated macromolecules. However, a related set of proteins display functions different from helicase activity, including a role as RNA-activated biosensors. Through crystallographic, biochemical and cell-based studies of innate immune receptor RIG-I, Pyle has shown that this human surveillance protein recognizes and binds to small viral double stranded RNAs. The subsequent binding of ATP induces protein conformational changes that contribute to signal transduction and activation of the interferon response in vivo.

Speaker Bio:
Anna Marie Pyle is the William Edward Gilbert Professor of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Professor of Chemistry at Yale University and an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Pyle received her BA from Princeton University and her PhD in Chemistry from Columbia University. She was a post-doctoral fellow with Tom Cech at the University of Colorado. Before joining Yale, Pyle was a faculty member at Columbia from 1992-2002.
Pyle’s lab uses enzymatic and biophysical methods to explore the complex structures of large RNA molecules, such as self-splicing introns. Her lab also studies the molecular motor proteins that operate on RNA, such as RNA helicases and RNA-activated biosensors that contribute to the vertebrate antiviral response.

[emlmm]

You're a lifesaver. My engineering classes flushed me with so much work over the past few weeks that I haven't been able to get much biochemistry studying in and the test is tomorrow! Thank heavens for this explanation!

[helmutzollner]

Amazing that RNA is so complex. At school i only learned about mRNA, not realizing that RNA can do so much more.
Thank you for sharing.

[rajanalexander]

This is fantastic. She clearly conveyed the complicated beauty of RNA!

[leannalilienthal]

Thank you so much! I missed a couple of Biochemistry classes and now I feel like I'm all caught up. You are awesome.

[PohlmannFab]

Fantastic professor, perfect didactics ❤ I learned so much

[monikasingha]

I've watched this a few times, this is so helpful. Thanks.

[lucasqwert]

Thank you so much for this video! It is a great introduction to RNA secondary structures.

[KumarA]

it provided me a new dimension of thoughts, Thanks a lot iBio

[ANamor...]

Very very usefull. A nace, clear and excelent presentación as well as the profesor! Tnks

[michaelmacdonald]

I've been studying biochem & cellbio for, I don't know, 6 years now ( late bloomer, been busy ) and to me, it's become apparent, then obvious that DNA is a static library made from RNA by RNA from RNA. And that proteins are robots, made by RNA to help out with the 'mindless' repetitive work ( made by RNA on itself, with itself, by itself ; tRNA, mRNA, rRNA, self-splice, SRP, ect. ) . That's RNA IS life - the self replicating, metabolizing molecule wholly responsible for life !!
But look who I'm telling. Thanks for knowing and breakin it down for us. ( exciting isn't it !! )

[jasmersingh]

Is there intermolecular Hydrogen bonding in secondary structure of RNA(single strand)?

[tartanhandbag]

can anyone explain if there is a reason for why dimensionality of nucleic acid structure is seemingly related to the addition of ions?

[kalpeshkumarnakrani]

Superb explanation .... tertiary str of RNA was just awsome. can you suggest me some good biochemistry textbooks.

[ericreiter]

Well done, clear audio. I am guessing that most of this was devised from x-ray diffraction. Right? Thank you.

[IIrandhandleII]

Why does Jack Sztozak have comments disabled on his videos?

[rgudduu]

High quality material. Good teaching except some rapid jumps towards the end.

[rohaniesaalim]

One kiss is all it take (Shows the structure of RNA)
fallin' love with me (Calculating RNA Duplex)
* Throws away the headset* 😆

[flymasterA]

Great video - lots of work, polished delivery.

QUESTION : Where and how in the cell are instinctual activities stored for male and females? Example: male Bird of Paradise dances. Just watched the 'Michael Jackson dance' by a Bird of Paradise. AWESOME! Why? And why do humans enjoy watching it?

I'm a combination of the personality traits of my mom and dad, plus their abilities, tastes, dislikes, etc., all blended and programmed in. Where in the cell is this stored and kept organized until used in the future at the right time by the developed brain?

I really hope you have some type of answer for me.

[ladypamela]

Anna Marie, I am asking a very serious question many want the answer to. I'm sure your aware they have spoken about this new vaccine as something that will reprogram the rna. What is your view and opinion on this?

[nanotech_republika]

A required watch for any alien technology conspiracy theorists.