What Is Inside a Neutron Star? | Laura Fabbietti | TEDxTUM

[selmanalkan]

• Gravitation
Neutron stars are city-size stellar objects with a mass about 1.4 times that of the sun and 15 km in diameter. Gravity presses the material in on itself so tightly that protons and electrons combine to make neutrons, yielding the name "neutron star. They are so dense that a sugar cube sized lump of material from a neutron star would have a weight of approximately 1 billion metric tons (equivalent to the weight of Everest mountain). Inside a neutron star, there's a delicate balance between the tremendous gravity of the star, and the degeneracy pressure of the neutrons. The neutron star's density also gives it very high surface gravity, more than 200 billion times that of Earth. Neutron stars have an escape velocity of 150, 000 km/s which is half the speed of light. The neutron star's gravity accelerates infalling matter to tremendous speed. The force of its impact would likely destroy the object's component atoms, rendering all the matter identical, to the rest of the neutron star matter. If an object were to fall from a height of one meter on a neutron star, it would reach the ground at 7.200.000 kilometers per hour.
• Starquake and Gama Rays Burst
The crust is composed of broken-up atoms of iron with a sea of electrons flowing through the gaps between them. This crust is extremely hard and very smooth (with maximum surface irregularities of ~5 mm), due to the extreme gravitational field. About a kilometer below the surface, neutrons and any surviving protons are squeezed together so close that they organize themselves into some really odd structures such as sheets, cylinders and others. This inner crust of neutron star, which was called nuclear pasta because of the resemblance of spaghetti and lasagna, could be 10 billion times stronger than steel and possibly the strongest material in the universe. Due to either its ultra-strong interior magnetic fields or spindown, an unimaginably massive quake occurs by ripping the immensely strong crust of neutron star only one centimeter in lenght in a tenth of a second. It realeses much more energy in a form of gama rays into the space through that one centimeter crack than the Sun emits in 150, 000 years. But the inconceivably powerful gravitaional field of a neutron star reconstructs its surface and covers the crack in a blink of an eye. The largest recorded quake was equivalent to a magnitude 23. Had it occurred within a distance of 10 light years from Earth, the quake could have triggered a mass extinction on Earth.
• Surface Heat
Neutron stars are extremely hot and have a surface temperature of around 1.000.000 C degrees. Anything approaching a neutron star too close immidiately evaporates.
• Electromagnetic Field
Neutron stars are characterized by their extremely powerful magnetic fields. These magnetic fields are from hundred millions to quadrillions (magnetar) of times more powerful than the field surrounding Earth. The magnetic field of a magnetar would be lethal even at a distance of 1000 km. The strong magnetic forces would start to squeeze the electron orbits in all the atoms in your body. The molecules that make up your body are only able to hold together when they are made from normal shaped atoms. So once the atomic orbitals got sufficiently distorted, their chemistry would change dramatically and these molecules would start to fall apart. And your body would be reduced to a dusty, incoherent mess.
• Electromagnetic radiation
Most of the light generated by a neutron star is in the form of gama and X rays due to its extreme surface heat, high electromagnetic field and matter acceretion from a near companion. The strong magnetic fields combined with rapid rotation create an awesome generator that can produce electric potential differences of quadrillions of volts. Such voltages, which are 30 million times greater than those of lightning bolts, create deadly blizzards of high energy particles. These high-energy particles (protons and electrons) produce beams of radiation from radio through gamma-ray energies emanating from the poles of the magnetic field. Like a rotating lighthouse beam, the radiation can be observed as a pulsing source of radiation. The pulsar in the Crab Nebula has been observed to pulse in almost every wavelength—radio, optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray. A few dozen pulsars are observed to pulse in X-rays and six are seen to pulse in gamma-rays.
• Rotation
Neutron stars are the fastest rotating objects in the universe. The fastest-spinning neutron star known, which is 15 kilometres in diameter, is rotating at a rate of 716 times a second or 43, 000 revolutions per minute, giving nearly a quarter the speed of light (75.000 km/s) at the surface of equator.
A neutron star wouldn't be able to hold itself together at such a high speed rotation if it weren't its tremendous gravitational force.

[jeffreystreeter]

I wish she was my professor. I love the way she says neutron.

[rafapieroni]

I like it! Great analogies and friendly way to explain complicated Physics to the general population, like myself. On top of that, she is very charming too!

[cdurkinz]

Surprised nobody is commenting on this one, usually they are full. Interesting talk.

[billiecrouse]

I was under the delusion that a neutron star becomes one large neutron.

[SamtheIrishexan]

If we could harvest this, the mass, spun around a craft would make a faster than light speed travel in a warp bubble possible.

[rdrumk]

The holy grail of internet: Youtube without comments

[xilnes]

​the face the body the accent and the outfit with a star ... on top of that her analogies abt getting fed up of the nerds and bringing cool art girls how can any one concentrate , I was trying to concentrate tried watching 3 times every time I just have a psychedelic experience so I gave up and typed a comment instead, not proud of myself tonight ...

[Fastguitarist]

She's better than sleeping pills...Im sleepy alrdy! Thanks hun!

[Incognito-vcwj]

I think she greatly underestimated her listening audience.

[lwriker]

So, basically, the inside of a neutron star is theorized by math. Cool!
Quarks have various mass? Is that why different mixes may be at different levels from the core?

[howardgstrecke]

Guessing what's inside a neutron star. Great work if you can get it ^_^

[СергейЦибульченко]

It could be a little bit offensive because people that interested about this topic usually have some understanding of nuclear processes and astronomy but she assumes she talks to people with medieval peasant's education.

[tauseefmian]

She is brilliant and charming. Thanks.

[rodgersericv]

So what's inside a neutron star? Did we get an answer?

[robj]

I’m guess there aren’t seeds at the center..

[victorvodka]

if i had a physics teacher like this, i probably wouldn't've said yes when madylyn asked me if i wanted to kiss

[-kof]

Only 5k views with 16 comments on a 15million subs channel

[markcampbell]

A neutron star has added neutrons . If neutrons were not added a neutron star would not exist. A solar probe should not have been allowed. Especially adding energy mass converting molecules. Halogenated carbons are now in the sun converting energy to mass on the surface of the sun. Your recipe is complete.

[ludvikjerabek]

I’m still shocked that they get paid to do this research. I can’t say much was learned or why the heck we should care. Once you figure it out what then?