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What is settop box?
Digital TV is the trend nowadays. Today, transmissions of TV signals are in the digital form. But most of the TVs are still analog. Hence, there is a great need to have a STB which helps to convert the digital signal to analog, thereby helping the viewers to see the TV with ease.
Thus an apt answer to “What is settop box?” will be STB is an electronic device which converts the digital signal to audio or video formats. Set top box is also known by Settop box, Settopbox, STB, Digital TV converter, Smart TV converter etc. The STB is placed between the TV and the provider such as satellite, cable or terrestrial operator. One of the advantages of STB is that it provides more TV channels on the less number of frequencies.
Hardware Components of Settop box
The hardware components of the settop box are:
Front Panel
Power supply
Front end
STB Decoder
Memory
Video and Audio Interfaces

1. Power supply
Power supply provides the required power for the STB operation.
2. Front panel
The main functions of the front end panel are:
Receive users input and sent it to the main processor.
IR receiver in the front panel listens to the input from the remote control device.
3. Front end
Main features and functions of the front end are:
It is a peripheral device.
It receives a down converted signal from the antenna as input.
The frontend gives the down converted signal to the digital decoder.
Tuner and Demodulator are the main parts of the front end.
Tuner listens to the signals from the antenna.
Demodulator receives the signal passed from the tuner and generates the stream.
4. STB Decoder
It is the main part of the settop box. It consists of a CPU, demultiplexers, video and audio decoder, mixer, graphics engine.
5. Memory
Flash memory and RAM memory types are used in the settop box.
6. Video Interface
The output coming from the STB decoder part can be analog or digital. For compatibility, special circuitry is used.
7. Audio Interface
Audio interfaces can be in analog or digital form. For compatibility purposes or conversion purposes special circuits are used.
STB Decoder Parts
1. CPU
It takes care of all the interaction taking place between the hardware peripherals. The memory parts and the real time operating system used is being controlled by the settop box.
2. Demultiplexer
It demultiplexers the digital data to video, audio or other datas.
3. Video Decoder
Compressed video is being converted to a basic video format.

4. Graphics Engine
Used to draw pictures and menus for user interface.
5. Mixer
It helps to mix the video and graphics data into a single image.
6. Audio Decoder
Audio decoder converts the compressed audio data into basic audio data.
Basic Operation of Settop box
STB can be operated using front panel or remote control. Input is the RF signal and the range, modulation type depends upon the application we are using. For satellite application 950 to 2150 MHz is the frequency and modulation type is QPSK. For STB for cable application the input frequency range is 110 to 862 MHz and type of Modulation is QAM. While frequency range for STB for terrestrial is 47 to 860 MHz and type of Modulation use for it is COFDM.
Front Panel of STB

Back Panel of STB

Remote Control

How to connect your STB to TV?
Turn off TV at main supply.
Connect antenna cable from the wall to the back of your settop box.
Plug your settop box into your TV using cable.

Yellow plug goes to the yellow input socket,
Red plug to the red input socket,
White plug to the white input socket.
Choose the ‘AV’ option on your TV.
Digital TV is the trend nowadays. Today, transmissions of TV signals are in the digital form. But most of the TVs are still analog. Hence, there is a great need to have a STB which helps to convert the digital signal to analog, thereby helping the viewers to see the TV with ease.
Thus an apt answer to “What is settop box?” will be STB is an electronic device which converts the digital signal to audio or video formats. Set top box is also known by Settop box, Settopbox, STB, Digital TV converter, Smart TV converter etc. The STB is placed between the TV and the provider such as satellite, cable or terrestrial operator. One of the advantages of STB is that it provides more TV channels on the less number of frequencies.
Hardware Components of Settop box
The hardware components of the settop box are:
Front Panel
Power supply
Front end
STB Decoder
Memory
Video and Audio Interfaces

1. Power supply
Power supply provides the required power for the STB operation.
2. Front panel
The main functions of the front end panel are:
Receive users input and sent it to the main processor.
IR receiver in the front panel listens to the input from the remote control device.
3. Front end
Main features and functions of the front end are:
It is a peripheral device.
It receives a down converted signal from the antenna as input.
The frontend gives the down converted signal to the digital decoder.
Tuner and Demodulator are the main parts of the front end.
Tuner listens to the signals from the antenna.
Demodulator receives the signal passed from the tuner and generates the stream.
4. STB Decoder
It is the main part of the settop box. It consists of a CPU, demultiplexers, video and audio decoder, mixer, graphics engine.
5. Memory
Flash memory and RAM memory types are used in the settop box.
6. Video Interface
The output coming from the STB decoder part can be analog or digital. For compatibility, special circuitry is used.
7. Audio Interface
Audio interfaces can be in analog or digital form. For compatibility purposes or conversion purposes special circuits are used.
STB Decoder Parts
1. CPU
It takes care of all the interaction taking place between the hardware peripherals. The memory parts and the real time operating system used is being controlled by the settop box.
2. Demultiplexer
It demultiplexers the digital data to video, audio or other datas.
3. Video Decoder
Compressed video is being converted to a basic video format.

4. Graphics Engine
Used to draw pictures and menus for user interface.
5. Mixer
It helps to mix the video and graphics data into a single image.
6. Audio Decoder
Audio decoder converts the compressed audio data into basic audio data.
Basic Operation of Settop box
STB can be operated using front panel or remote control. Input is the RF signal and the range, modulation type depends upon the application we are using. For satellite application 950 to 2150 MHz is the frequency and modulation type is QPSK. For STB for cable application the input frequency range is 110 to 862 MHz and type of Modulation is QAM. While frequency range for STB for terrestrial is 47 to 860 MHz and type of Modulation use for it is COFDM.
Front Panel of STB

Back Panel of STB

Remote Control

How to connect your STB to TV?
Turn off TV at main supply.
Connect antenna cable from the wall to the back of your settop box.
Plug your settop box into your TV using cable.

Yellow plug goes to the yellow input socket,
Red plug to the red input socket,
White plug to the white input socket.
Choose the ‘AV’ option on your TV.
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