The Ultimate Guide to Mastering Linux Network Configuration

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In this video we are discussing Network Configuration & Trouble Shooting:
Network Configuration & Trouble Shooting:

Networking:
It is a connection between two or more machines to communicate with each other.

The basic requirements for Networking are:
1. NIC (Network Interface Controller or Card)
2. Media (cable)
3. Topology
4. Protocol
5. IP Addresses

1.Bus Network Topology
2.Ring Network Topology
3.Star Network Topology
4.Mesh Network Toplogy
5.Tree Network Topology

TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol UDP
------------------------------------ --------------------------------------
1.Transmission Control Protocol 1.User Datagram Protocol
2.It is connection Oriented 2.Connectionless
3.Reliable 3.Non-Reliable
4.TCP Acknowledgement will be sent/received 4.No Acknowledgement for UDP
5.Slow Communication 5.Faster Communication
6.Protocol Number for TCP/IP is 6 6.Protocol Number for UDP is 17
7.HTTP, FTP, SMTP uses TCP/IP 7.DNS, DHCP uses UDP

1. IP Address Classes
2. Subnet mask
3. Gateway

Class Start End
---------- ---------- ---------------
IP Class A 0.0.0.0 126.255.255.255
IP Class B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255
IP Class C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255
IP Class D 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255
IP Class E 240.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

* 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 is reserved for loopback address

Some Important configuration files/directories of network configurations
==========================================================================
#/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts is the directory which keeps the configuration of network
devices connected to the system.

#/etc/sysconfig/network is a file which keeps the information about the hostname assigned to
the system. If you want to change the hostname permanently, you need to change the
hostname in this file.

#/etc/hosts a file which is responsible for resolving hostname into IP locally, in other word it
acts as local DNS if DNS server is not accessible.

accessing to resolve IP to hostname and hostname to IP

To check the ip address assign to all the interfaces
#ifconfig

To chech the ip of a particular interface
#ifconfig adapter name
#ifconfig eth0

To check the hostname of the system.
#hostname

To check ip of the host
#hostname –i

To check whether DNS is resolving or not
#host ip address

#hostel hostname
#host 192.168.10.95

Same with “nslookup” command
#nslookup ip address
#nslookup hostname

The most common command used to check DNS function is “dig”
#dig hostname

With ip address
#dig –x ip address
#dig –x 192.168.10.98

Checking network connectivity using ping command
#ping ip address
#ping 192.168.10.95

Note:- use ctrl + c to stop pinging.

To limit the pinging for specific number of counts
#ping –c counts ip address
#ping –c 2 192.168.10.95

Changing the hostname
• Check the current hostname with hostname command
• The syntax for changing the hostname is

#hostname new name

#vim /etc/sysconfig/network delete the previous hostname and add the new name.

Now logoff and logon and check the hostname

Note:- Once you logout and login again the change will be permanent, observe the highlighted
region above.

Assigning /Changing the IP Address:
Steps for changing the IP Address.
• To change the IP Address use the following utilily
#service network restart
or
#service NetworkManager restart

• It will open a text base utility follow the steps below and change the ip address
• Restart the network service to apply the changes

#service NetworkManager restart

• Make the network service starts after reboot.
• Let’s begin with setup

#setup

To Know more about the NIC card/adapter use
#ethtool adapter name

#TCPvsUDP
#IPChecking
#HostnameVerification
#DNSTroubleshooting
#NetworkCommands
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