IMMEDIATE DATABASE MODIFICATION

This video discusses immediate database modification in log based recovery. In Immediate Database Modification Technique, the Database is updated with the new values immediately after the operation performed in the transaction and after making the corresponding entry into the log. Log-based recovery is a process used for ensuring consistency and atomicity of DB after system failures, such as system crashes, and power failures.
This technique uses a transaction log to record all the activities of a transaction (start, write, commit & abort).
Before any changes are made to the DB, the corresponding log entry must be written to the log to restore the DB to a consistent state even if the system crashes.
A log is a file which is usually stored in some safe and stable storage so that if any failure occurs, then it can be recovered from there.

This channel has the videos for the below given topics:

UNIT - I
Database System Applications: A Historical Perspective, File Systems versus a DBMS, the Data Model, Levels of Abstraction in a DBMS, Data Independence, Structure of a DBMS
Introduction to Database Design: Database Design and ER Diagrams, Entities, Attributes, and Entity Sets, Relationships and Relationship Sets, Additional Features of the ER Model, Conceptual Design With the ER Model

UNIT - II
Introduction to the Relational Model: Integrity constraint over relations, enforcing integrity constraints, querying relational data, logical data base design, introduction to views, destroying/altering tables and views.
Relational Algebra, Tuple relational Calculus, Domain relational calculus.

UNIT - III
SQL: QUERIES, CONSTRAINTS, TRIGGERS: form of basic SQL query, UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT, Nested Queries, aggregation operators, NULL values, complex integrity constraints in SQL, triggers and active data bases.

Schema Refinement: Problems caused by redundancy, decompositions, problems related to decomposition, reasoning about functional dependencies, FIRST, SECOND, THIRD normal forms, BCNF, lossless join decomposition, multi-valued dependencies, FOURTH normal form, FIFTH normal form.

UNIT - IV
Transaction Concept, Transaction State, Implementation of Atomicity and Durability, Concurrent Executions, Serializability, Recoverability, Implementation of Isolation, Testing for serializability, Lock Based Protocols, Timestamp Based Protocols, Validation- Based Protocols, Multiple Granularity, Recovery and Atomicity, Log–Based Recovery, Recovery with Concurrent Transactions.

UNIT - V
Data on External Storage, File Organization and Indexing, Cluster Indexes, Primary and Secondary Indexes, Index data Structures, Hash Based Indexing, Tree base Indexing, Comparison of File Organizations, Indexes and Performance Tuning, Intuitions for tree Indexes, Indexed Sequential Access Methods (ISAM), B+ Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure.