Mount Tambora: The Year Without a Summer

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[chrismccarter]

Tambora also led the the invention of the bicycle. There was no food to feed horses due to failed crops, so Karl Drais invented the Laufmachine, the first iteration of the bike in 1817

[cypherbrittainne]

Fun fact : Mount Tambora before 1815 was originally around 4300 meters tall. After the eruption it's only around 2800 meters tall.

[Sacto]

Here's the scary thing: there are *MANY* volcanoes in the Indonesian Archipelago capable of a Tambora-level eruption, given that Archipelago is one of the most geologically active parts of the world. And on the island of Sumatra, the Lake Toba supervolcano is *NOT* considered extinct, just dormant.

A more recent eruption that had catastrophic climate effects was the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines. That ejected so much ash as sulfur into the atmosphere that (for example) California experienced above normal rains for nearly a _decade_ .

[Kurorito]

To put it simply, each time Indonesian volcanoes erupted, either it would be population bottleneck or summer less year.
Or both.

[ignitionfrn]

1:35 - Chapter 1 - The ticking bomb
5:10 - Chapter 2 - Destruction
8:35 - Mid roll ads
9:55 - Chapter 3 - The year without a summer
13:10 - Chapter 4 - The modern prometheus
16:50 - Chapter 5 - Coming to america
19:35 - Chapter 6 - Death in the time of cholera

[alexbaum]

Sumbawa, besides the giant caldera of Mt. Tambora, still shows signs of the eruption today. The island is smack dab in the middle of the Lesser Sunda archipelago. This is basically Indonesia’s driest region, as it is heavily influenced by the dry desert winds that roll off neighboring Australia. That said, on the islands to either side of Sumbawa, canopy rainforest can be found as one begins to climb in elevation. Trees there can still reach immense height and girth. Sumbawa itself is also quite a mountainous island. The peaks are not as tall as Rinjani on Lombok or many of the volcanic massifs on Flores, but they’re substantial enough that montane rainforest and cloud forests would be expected. But if you ever travel the island, you’ll quickly notice that while it can be lush in the mountains and places that are not in rain shadow (mostly westward—facing slopes), the trees look as though they’re stunted. They do not seem to grow as tall nor as large around as those of their neighbors. They often seem to be of uniform height. They don’t seem to grow in such variety of species either. I’m not entirely sure of the mechanisms at work, but it’s clear that this is what happens when the forests of a land are completely decimated. Even 200 years since the event, the forests of Sumbawa look as though they are still just growing back. It is a strange sight if you traveled much of the rest of the country.

[Caterfree]

There were a number of individual events mentioned that I had no idea could all be traced back to one volcano's eruption. The butterfly effect is well and truly a solid theory, tbh.

[saldan]

This is the second Indonesian volcano to be featured in this channel, Can't wait for Krakatoa.

[jjg]

My family still remembers it. At the time, they planted Abenaki maize (Native American cultivar for the area roughly around Maine and Quebec), which has a short growing season and is cold hearty. They lived in Virginia and normally used Abenaki maize because they could barely squeeze two crops out (for the hogs). They report that the first crop, planted in March, came in well enough by June, but the next crop failed mostly with frosts and snow in August. Fortunately, they had food, but there were widespread shortages and the next year they only managed to get a single crop. So family wisdom is that you always plant a stand of Abenaki maize just in case. And I still do.

[Joe_Potts]

Mount Tambora: "Ahem." *(EXPLOSIVE CRESCENDO)*

[marrieamoerazenobia]

I will share my experiences while in Indonesia 2010, 2015, 2018 (Queen Mother Nature's Journey). I'll be honest when I talk about Indonesia, so I apologize in advance. An experience like no other, because I was very happy when I was on a land that has a beautiful, unique, diverse and captivating natural history but also has the biggest, deadliest and most natural disasters in the world. I'm talking about mother nature not about man-made.

Indonesia has no less than 500 volcanoes (both active and inactive and underwater volcanoes). Indonesia symbolizes the elements of water, earth, fire, wind and plants combined into one.

INDONESIA, at first I didn't know anything about Indonesia. In the end I got a news of a natural disaster in Indonesia, I immediately went to a large library in Europe. It turns out that there is a book that immortalizes the great natural disasters that occurred in Indonesia. The name Indonesia has been recorded and engraved long ago in Europe without us knowing it. I will talk about nature.

The advantages of tourist attractions in Indonesia : 85% of tourist attractions in Indonesia are natural and 15% are man-made, even UNESCO labels Indonesia as a world heritage. Nature in Indonesia is very beautiful, charming, unique and different but also saves a lot of dark history written by the International. Talking about nature, Indonesia is second to none because of the world level.

Disadvantages of tourist attractions in Indonesia : Indonesia is a country that is labeled as an area prone to natural disasters, not only that but also the most deadly and dangerous. There are so many dark history, natural disasters in Indonesia claimed a lot of victims in the world, most often occur and can also have an impact on other countries. It's all written in the history of the world. It is undeniable, the power of Nature in Indonesia is far more frightening, very strong and deadly. Not Chile, Japan, Philippines, USA, Italy, New Zealand, India, China, Russia, Iceland, Greenland, Finland and Canada. Because the largest number of victims of natural disasters in the world is Indonesia.

The number of natural disasters in Indonesia from 2016 to 2020 was 17, 032 events. That's a 5 year calculation, What if the total is from 1800s? Could be more. In fact, the most earthquakes in the world are not Japan or Chile, but Indonesia. Not only that, hurricanes, tsunamis, landslides, floods, storms, typhoons, earthquakes eruptions and others phenomenon. Very brutal and deadly.

Overall, Indonesia has been named a QUEEN MOTHER NATURE, if it wakes up from its sleep then a big event will repeat itself. Nature in Indonesia cannot be used as a joke, because physically Indonesia's geography is included in "ABNORMAL". Nature in Indonesia has a very different level compared to other countries, because it is completely beyond human reason. Many historians, scientists, researchers and volunteers are involved in the "RAGE OF QUEEN MOTHER NATURE IN INDONESIA".
The total points for natural attractions in Indonesia are 10/10.

Queen Mother Nature brutal power level.
>JAPAN : 10 (NORMAL NATURE).
>PHILLIPINES : 8 (NORMAL NATURE).
>CHILE : 10 (NORMAL NATURE).
>NEW ZEALAND : 9 (NORMAL NATURE).
>USA : 10 (NORMAL NATURE).
>ITALY : 8 (NORMAL NATURE).
>CANADA : 8 (NORMAL NATURE).
>MALAYSIA : 5 (NORMAL NATURE).
>CHINA : 7 (NORMAL NATURE).
>ICELAND : 7 (NORMAL NATURE).
>THAILAND : 6 (NORMAL NATURE).
>GREENLAND : 8 (NORMAL NATURE).
>AUSTRALIA : 9 (NORMAL NATURE).
>BRASIL : 8 (NORMAL NATURE).
>PANAMA : 9 (NORMAL NATURE).
>INDONESIA : GOD LEVEL (QUEEN MOTHER NATURE).

Please find out how many total deaths are caused by major natural disasters in Indonesia, they occur too often, in fact many other countries have cooperated with Indonesia but have not been able to control natural disasters in Indonesia and are finally labeled as "ABNORMAL".
Other countries also experience natural disasters but not as strong, as much and as brutal as nature in Indonesia. It is clear that the physical geography location of Indonesia, which is far apart, seems to be torn apart by nature. Previously, Indonesia territory was not shaped like that but was still connected to Southeast Asia and Australia. Even the governments of many countries have warned the Indonesian government to remain vigilant about natural disasters there, it's no joke because the dark history of the major natural disasters in Indonesia is written and documented by the International.

Natural brutality and so scary in Indonesia, among others.
>Indonesia has experienced earthquakes for 32 years. The history of the longest earthquake in the world.
>Indonesia once covered the whole world in a year without a summer. (Tambor 1815) The occurrence of global poverty affects many countries (Europe, America's, Africa, Asia, Australia and Oceania).
>Indonesia has experienced the collapse of a very large landmass called SUNDALAND. The split of the islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Bali, East Nusa Tenggara and West Nusa Tenggara. Then the mainland was separated from Thailand, Malaysia and Brunei. Everything fell into the sea.
>Indonesia once made an earthquake and caused a tsunami that hit 14 countries. (Tsunami Aceh). The collision between the Sumatran plate and the Indian Ocean in the Aceh region of Indonesia caused 14 other countries to experience large tsunamis, even reaching India.
>Indonesia has a super volcano that has been designated by UNESCO as an International GeoPark, which results in the death of 90% of mankind in the world. (Toba Supervolcano). Humanity is almost extinct and makes the territory of Indonesia volcanically active.
>Indonesia was also previously connected to mainland Australia but collapsed and separated. Not only in the western part of Indonesia, but in eastern Indonesia, there is a collision between the Australian plates.
>Indonesia also has a volcano that is recorded as having the loudest sound in the world and causing a tsunami. (Krakatoa 1883). The explosion was much larger than the Hiroshima bomb, generating a tsunami as high as 40 meters, volcanic ash, the loudest and recorded sound in modern world history.
>Indonesia also caused flash floods to Timor Leste. The cause of flash floods between the eastern side of Indonesia and the country of Timor Leste was also affected.
>And others. There are too many major natural disasters in Indonesia. Too many.

In fact, throughout 2022, Indonesia has experienced 954 natural disasters, outperforming other countries. Mother Earth Queen in Indonesia often rages and is very domineering. No other country in the natural category can match it. Other countries also have natural disasters but when compared to natural disasters in Indonesia it is nothing. Queen Mother Nature in Indonesia is of a different class.

"The more beautiful you look, the more dangerous you are".
(Indonesia is the throne Queen of all the Queens of Mother Nature).
The rampage, power, brutality, deadly of nature in Indonesia are at their maximum level : THE REAL QUEEN MOTHER NATURE.
Nature in Indonesia has claimed many lives and has an impact on other countries, no matter where they come from. When it goes berserk, its true power will destroy and kill anything in its path. If I write down one by one the major natural disasters in Indonesia, then you will know that what I am typing is a 100% real event.

[fratercontenduntocculta]

The chain of butterfly effect events after the eruption is the wildest series of recorded events I’ve ever heard. Crazy to think two of the horror genre’s greatest titles were written because of a volcanic eruption.

[zsoltsandor]

The bicycle is also a result of the Tambora. Horses either died or they were eaten, but the postal service had to deliver mail. Without horses it would have been impossible, thus a replacement was created: the velocipede.

[lieuwestra]

Just read Mount Tambora: The Year Without a Summit. Which is technically correct.

[shindari]

Mount Tambora's eruption, when you think about it, radically altered human history.

Before Tambora, Europe was stuck in a colonialist, quasi-Feudalist, monarchical state of running the world. While "emperors, " like Napoleon, had virtually united the continent into one powerful country under his rule. After Tambora, Europe's urge to "colonize the world" faded from its' previous urgency, and replaced traditional Monarchies with more modern systems of government, most notably dictatorships, democracy, and communism.

Before Tambora, the United States was really just a massive, unsettled country, with the vast majority of its' population living on the East Coast. Most of the west was still just populated primarily by Native Americans, and Latin American Spaniards. After the fateful year 1816, America started pouring west, and kick-started the anti-slave/pro-slave politics that would ultimately lead to the American Civil War.

Before Tambora, China was a remote, self-contained imperial juggernaut, that wanted little to do with the rest of the world. It was powerful, but very, very isolated, and ignorant of the threat of European colonists. Afterward, well... We all know what happened to China in the 19th and 20th Centuries...

"The Year Without a Summer" changed human civilization to such a degree that you could arguably restructure all of human civilization, as a whole, to two new divisions of history: "BT and AT" (Before Tambora and After Tambora)! The world that has existed since 1815 is so radically different from how it looked prior to that fateful year, that it's very nearly as radically different as the difference between the "Bronze Age" and the "Iron Age!"

[tylerp]

The amount of material that blew out of the mountain is just....mind boggling. I really can't get my head around it.

[ManOnTheRange]

catastrophes like this reminds me of that the earth is not made for us, we are here just as guests...

[mikeklein]

I love how Mother Earth throws these disasters at us and sees how we’ll do. Might name my next cat Tambora.

[alibarron]

Left out was the second largest volcanic eruption in known history going off 15 years later on the neighboring Island of Lombok in 1830 which added much to the chaos. It is only 75 miles or so west of Mount Tambora. I lived several years on these two islands. Both eruptions were many times larger than the more famous Krakatoa (Krakatau).

[YoutubeBorkedMyOldHandle_why]

You mentioned Thera and the demise of the Minoans. From what I understand, Thera only erupts on the average, about once every 20, 000 years ... but of course when it does, it's a big one. Sadly for the Minoans, one of the greatest ancient civilizations, purely by chance they happened to build a spectacular city ... smack on top of the thing. And when Thera erupted, the city was 'literally' vaporized, and the world changed completely. We mere mortals can only imagine what history would look like today, had Thera decided not to erupt until a few thousand years later.

We like to think that we are in control, but are occasionally humbled by such natural events. You should do a video about Thera, because almost everything we know and understand today, can probably be traced back to that one eruption.