Lec-1 I Basics of Truss I Mechanics I by Mahendra Singh Tomer

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SEMESTER-IV
APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS
UNIT I
Introduction to solid, liquid and gaseous fuels– Stoichiometry, exhaust gas analysis- First lawanalysis
of combustion reactions- Heat calculations using enthalpy tables- Adiabatic flametemperatureChemical equilibrium and equilibrium composition calculations using freeenergy.
Introduction and Otto, Diesel and Dual cycles.
UNIT II
Vapour Power cycles:
Vapor power cycles Rankine cycle with superheat, reheat and regeneration, exergy analysis. Rankine
cycle, effect of pressure and temperature on Rankine cycle, Reheat cycle, Regenerative cycle, Feed
water heaters, Binary vapour cycle, Combined cycles, Cogeneration.
Fuels and Combustion: Combustion analysis, heating values, air requirement, Air/Fuel ratio, standard
heat of reaction and effect of temperature on standard heat of reaction, heat of formation, Adiabatic
flame temperature.
UNIT III
Boilers: Classifications and working of boilers, boiler mountings and accessories, Draught and its
calculations, air pre-heater, feed water heater, super heater. Boiler efficiency, Equivalent evaporation.
Boiler trial and heat balance.
Condenser: Classification of condenser, air leakage, condenser performance parameters.
UNIT IV
Steam and Gas Nozzles: Flow through Convergent and convergent-divergent nozzles, variation of
velocity, area and specific volume, choked flow, throat area, Nozzle efficiency, Off design operation
of nozzle, Shock waves stationary normal shock waves, Effect of friction on nozzle, Super saturated
flow.
Steam Turbines: Classification of steam turbine, Impulse and Reaction turbines, Staging, Stage and
Overall efficiency, reheat factor, Bleeding, Velocity diagram of simple and compound multistage
impulse and reaction turbines and related calculations, work done, efficiencies of reaction, Impulse
reaction turbines, state point locus, Losses in steam turbines, Governing of turbines, Comparison with
steam engine.
UNIT V
Gas Turbine: Gas turbine classification, Brayton cycle, Principles of gas turbine, Gas turbine cycles
with intercooling, reheat and regeneration and their combinations, Stage efficiency, Polytropic
efficiency. Deviation of actual cycles from ideal cycles.

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