CHAPTER -7 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM - IONIC EQUILIBRIUM -PART-8

chemical Equilibrium: chapter-7 part-1
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Introduction:
The concept of Equilibrium is fundamental in physical and chemical processes. It defines a state where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the backward reaction, leading to a stable concentration of reactants and products. Mastering equilibrium is crucial for solving reaction mechanisms, predicting reaction feasibility, and industrial chemical applications.

Topics Covered:
✅ Types of Equilibrium: Physical & Chemical
✅ Law of Mass Action & Equilibrium Constant (Kc, Kp, Kx)
✅ Le Chatelier's Principle & Factors Affecting Equilibrium
✅ Relationship Between Kp & Kc
✅ Degree of Dissociation & Ionic Equilibria
✅ pH, Buffer Solutions & Solubility Product (Ksp)

Key Highlights:
🔹 Essential for solving JEE, NEET, TGT & PGT-level numerical problems
🔹 Application of Le Chatelier's Principle in real-world chemical industries
🔹 Important graphical interpretations & reaction quotient (Q) analysis

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