how to expand an array dynamically in c like in vector

Okay, let's dive into the world of dynamic array expansion in C, mimicking the functionality of vectors in languages like C++ or Python. Since C doesn't have built-in dynamic array types, we'll need to implement this ourselves using memory allocation functions like `malloc`, `realloc`, and `free`.

**Understanding the Goal: Dynamic Arrays (Vectors)**

The core idea is to create a data structure that behaves like an array but can grow or shrink in size as needed during program execution. This avoids the limitations of fixed-size arrays, where you must know the maximum size at compile time.

**Key Concepts**

1. **Dynamic Memory Allocation:** We use `malloc` to allocate a block of memory to hold the array elements. This memory resides in the heap, allowing for resizing during runtime.
2. **Resizing with `realloc`:** The `realloc` function is crucial. It attempts to resize a previously allocated memory block. It might extend the existing block (if there's enough contiguous space) or allocate a new, larger block, copy the data, and free the old block.
3. **Tracking Size and Capacity:** We'll need to keep track of two things:
* `size`: The number of elements currently stored in the array.
* `capacity`: The total number of elements the array can hold without requiring reallocation. The capacity is usually greater than or equal to the size. This prevents constant reallocations every time we add an element, which would be inefficient.
4. **Abstraction with a Structure:** To manage these pieces of information (the array data, size, and capacity), we'll define a `struct`. This struct will represent our dynamic array.

**Code Implementation: The `Vector` Structure**

**Explanation:**

1. **`Vector` Structure:**
* `data`: An `int*` pointer that will point to the dynamically allocated array of integers. We're using `int` as the data type, but you could easily change this to `float`, `char*`, or any other type by modifying the `typedef` and the ...

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