Summer 2024 Additive Fabrication | Bed Change | Nozzles

Changing the nozzle on an FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) printer is an important maintenance task that can significantly impact the quality of your prints - or maybe you just want to different type/size of nozzle. :)

Below is a detailed step-by-step guide to help you change the nozzle safely and effectively.

### Tools Needed:
- Wrench or nozzle-specific tool (usually provided with your 3D printer)
- A pair of pliers that can grip the heater block
- The new nozzle
- High-temperature gloves (optional but recommended) - you do need the nozzle heated in order to properly change it

### Steps to Change the Nozzle on a Typical FDM Printer:

#### Step 1: Heat the Nozzle
1. **Preheat the nozzle** to its operating temperature or a little higher. This helps to loosen any filament residue inside the nozzle, making it easier to unscrew. You can do this directly from your printer’s control panel or slicing software. Also, this is needed in order to break the nozzle loose from the heat block without danger of shearing the nozzle in half.

#### Step 2: Remove the Filament
2. **Retract the filament** from the extruder. It’s important to remove the filament to avoid any mess or obstruction while changing the nozzle. IFKYK :/

#### Step 3: Secure the Heater Block
3. **Secure the heater block** with a pair of pliers. This is important to prevent the entire block from rotating when you try to unscrew the nozzle.

#### Step 4: Unscrew the Nozzle
4. **Use the wrench or nozzle tool** to unscrew the nozzle. While holding the heater block steady with pliers, carefully turn the nozzle counter-clockwise (looking up at the nozzle from underneath) until it comes off. Be cautious, as the nozzle and heater block will be hot --- 200C !!.

#### Step 5: Prepare the New Nozzle
5. **Inspect and clean the new nozzle**. Ensure that there are no obstructions in the new nozzle and that it’s clean and ready for installation.

#### Step 6: Cool Down
6. **Allow the hot end to cool down** before installing the new nozzle.

#### Step 7: Install the New Nozzle
7. **Screw in the new nozzle** by hand at first to avoid cross-threading. Once it’s finger-tight, use the wrench to tighten it. Do not over-tighten; just ensure it is snug. The goal is to have the nozzle rim touching the heat break inside the heater block.

#### Step 8: Hot Tighten the Nozzle
8. **Heat the Nozzle Again for Final Assembly**. Using the same tools you used for removal, heat the nozzle back to its operating temperature. Once heated, use the wrench to give the nozzle a final half-turn tighten while it's hot. This ensures a proper seal between the nozzle and the heater block, preventing any potential leaks during printing. Be careful to avoid over-tightening, which could damage the threads.

#### Step 9: Test the Printer
9. **Do a test print.** Start with a small, simple object to confirm that the new nozzle is properly installed and functioning correctly. Look for any signs of leaking around the new nozzle or poor quality in the test print, which may indicate that further adjustments are needed.

### Additional Tips:
- **Changing the nozzle can sometimes affect the height of the nozzle relative to the bed.**
- **Be cautious of the hot nozzle and heater block** during this process. Using high-temperature gloves can prevent burns.
- **Check for any specific instructions from your 3D printer’s manufacturer** regarding nozzle replacement, as some models may have unique steps or recommendations.
- **Consider using a brass brush or a needle** to clean out the old nozzle. This can extend the life of your nozzles if you plan to reuse them after cleaning.

Changing the nozzle regularly, or when you notice signs of wear and under-extrusion, can help maintain the quality and consistency of your 3D prints.

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