The brief history of apartheid in south Africa

Apartheid was a policy in South Africa that governed relations between the white minority and nonwhite majority during the 20th century. It sanctioned racial segregation and political and economic discrimination against nonwhites 1.
The policy was introduced by the National Party, led by Daniel F. Malan, which gained office in 1948. The implementation of apartheid, often called “separate development” since the 1960s, was made possible through the Population Registration Act of 1950, which classified all South Africans as either Bantu (all Black Africans), Coloured (those of mixed race), or white. A fourth category—Asian (Indian and Pakistani)—was later added 1.
One of the most significant acts in terms of forming the basis of the apartheid system was the Group Areas Act of 1950. It established residential and business sections in urban areas for each race, and members of other races were barred from living, operating businesses, or owning land in them. This led to thousands of Coloureds, Blacks, and Indians being removed from areas classified for white occupation 1.
The Sharpeville Massacre was a turning point in the history of South Africa. The incident led to international condemnation of the apartheid regime and increased pressure on the South African government to end apartheid. The United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 134, which condemned the South African government for its actions in Sharpeville and called for an end to apartheid 2.
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was an official body established in South Africa in 1995 to investigate human rights violations that occurred during the apartheid era. The TRC was chaired by Archbishop Desmond Tutu and was based on the principle of restorative justice. It provided a forum for victims of human rights abuses to tell their stories and for perpetrators to confess their crimes and seek amnesty 3.