The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus: An AI connection

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The Edwin Smith Papyrus, discovered in 1862 outside of Luxor, Egypt, is “the oldest known surgical text in the history of civilisation”. It was written around the year 1700 BC, but is based on texts that go back to about 3000 BC. It's translator, Henry Breasted speculated that the original author might have been the great Egyptian physician Imhotep.

The papyrus presents information in the form of “if-then” rules, so some authors have referred to it in relation to AI as a very early pre-cursor of what would now be called an "expert system".

0:00 Intro, Smith and Breasted
0:32 "Brain" as a hieroglyph, and descriptions of the brain's surface
0:56 Diagnoses are split into three classes
1:14 "if-then" rules in the papyrus, and in AI "knowledge bases"

This video was made for the International Conference "Moving Forward in Unity", School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University. It was presented at the panel session: "Moving forward, not backward: Computers in nursing education". Many thanks for the invitation to participate!

Here's a nice historical context from:
"The brain was not always held in high regard. The Greek philosopher,
Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of
intelligence and thought. The ancient Egyptians also did not think
much of the brain. When creating a mummy, the Egyptians
scooped out the brain through the nostrils and threw it away. However,
the heart and other internal organs were removed carefully and
preserved. These organs were then placed back into the body or into
jars that were set next to the body."

Nevertheless, the Smith Papyrus is the oldest written record using the
word "brain" and provides the first written accounts of the
anatomy of the brain, the meninges (coverings of the brain) and
cerebrospinal fluid.

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LINKS
The image for the scientific paper appearing at the end is:

Edwin Smith portrait: Wiki Commons

James Henry Breasted: Wiki Commons

Page from Edwin Smith Papyrus:

Page from Breasted book:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license

Soundtrack: audioblocks, middle eastern arabic background cinematic music

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