Origin of the Genetic Code: What we do and do not know

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This is, I think, the most useful video I have produced here on the Stated Casually channel. It discusses, in depth, what we do and do not know about the origin of the genetic code. So far as I know, this topic has never been presented with a general audience in mind.

Stephen and I start by discussing common misunderstandings about the genetic code. We dive into Signalling Theory and how communication systems evolve between organisms and even between genes. We end by discussing the nature of the Genetic code and what is known about its origin.

CORRECTION: It's supposed to be "Carl Woese" (I forgot the "e" at the end in my slides). Professor Woese’s work is so important it's worth pointing out the spelling error. Thanks to Bret Corum for pointing this out.

Papers worth reading:

00:00:00 Intro
00:04:04 Welcoming Stephen Woodford
00:06:27 The Creationist Argument
00:38:11 Overview of Signalling In Biology
01:19:49 How Signalling Systems Emerge
01:41:24 Linguistic Properties of the Genetic Code
01:57:27 The Origin of the Genetic Code
02:07:33 Closing Remarks
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Also, CORRECTION: It's supposed to be "Carl Woese" (I forgot the "e" at the end in my slides). Professor Woese’s work is so important it's worth pointing out the spelling error. Thanks to Bret Corum for pointing this out.

StatedCasually
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"I was wrong? Please tell me exactly how in a two-hour conversation and release it publically, so everyone can learn from my mistakes."
- an honest man

Pyriphlegeton
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Generally I avoid videos over 45 min long but here I am at the end of a 2 hour 15 min video and I am totally entranced and happy. Well done to both of you for presenting an interesting and compelling discussion of a very complex subject.

grantpritchard
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Love these kinds of videos! A couple of years ago I never would have imagined that conversations like these would be available on YouTube. Thank you for your efforts!

LevelJoy
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I love this video, and I think it does a great service to clarify the confusion regarding the genetic code as a true code.
One small point related to the last part is I was slightly disappointed in your omission of any discussion of the aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, the enzymes that actually do the translation of the genetic code by binding each amino acid and its correct tRNA, and putting them together. I know this would have made the video for more complex than it already is, and I perfectly understand your emphasis on ribosomes, but I just wanted viewers to be aware that there is an additional, even more complex level of structure beyond what you so beautifully illustrated.
Kudos to Stephen for his willingness to listen to and understand our points regarding DNA and language. I sincerely hope this message will spread.

sygarte
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I was initially reluctant to start watching a 2+ hour video but I enjoyed every minute. Nice work guys. Thank you for the precision and clarity of the presentation.

lawrencemurray
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Relating it to The Watchmaker analogy was a great way to bridge the gap and get you guys on the same page, really enjoyed this one.

charlierichardson
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Your voice isn't cracking. That's a great explanation of the genetic code with a good grasp of bio-chemistry. Definitely the best video on your channel 😃👌

bloodymary
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I absolutely loved this conversation! Jon and Stephen, you are two of my favorite youtubers. One thing I like about Stephen is his willingness to change when presented with information that's counter to his current understanding of a topic. I strive to do the same although I'm afraid sometimes I don't. Keep up the great work!

brianh
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This is perhaps one of the most enlightening and mind blowing podcasts I've ever heard 🙌🏼 Thank you!

ashwyn
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Part of the issue is assuming that a language is a binary, that there are no gray areas between language and
non-language.

scienceexplains
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Hate the YT algorithm for not throwing any one of your many videos into my suggestions. Subscribed and I hope humans in general experience a watershed moment that switches their minds to find these videos entertaining, engaging and worth investing their time in watching (vs Your daily dose of internet for example 😩)

mozkitolife
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this was absolutely wonderful. I want to express my great appreciation for your effort. thank you Jon

zahramahmoodkhani
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Algorithm comment.
Your video on gain function research is exactly what the world needs.
It's crazy that nobody is trying to establish shared truth right now.

notnilc
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This is two of my favorite worlds colliding. I was stoked when Stephen mentioned one of your videos a while back and while I avoid oar videos over 15-20mins, I’m here for this.

Travisharger
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I was asking myself just two days ago, "why hasn't Stated Casually done any videos lately?" And then I was pleasantly surprised!

alexb
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It's so sad that my relatives don't understand english quite well - this is so far the best video I've found to explain this topic. My evangelical creationist relatives (which accept my atheism and are very nice people in general) gifted two books to me which included intelligent design theories and one brother of my grandfather tries to convice me from time to time to believe in the christian god again, stating thats irrational to not believe in god - he made the watch-argument also. Although I've known a lot of the arguments used against it and understood them, I was never able to explain it in a manner like it is done here: By providing the context on a level everybody can understand, even if he or she kbows nothing about philosophy or genetics. This is very very helpful. If you really wan't to adress more people, cooperate with some german-, spanish- and frenchspeaking people who translate/dub/sub this video. A lot of older folks (and even some people my age) don't understand english well enough to follow your explaination so it would be of great value for non-english speakers. Thank you for your work! Science communication is almost as important as the science itself and we can't all study genetics and philosophy 😂

NeurosenkavalierEmilSinclair
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The acknowledgement of the logical error around 46:00 mark is the reason why I love science, rationality, and skepticism.

haudace
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I thought this video was 24 minutes long when I first clicked on it, I'm an hour and 20 minutes in and I am not disappointed.

jamescatlin
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The existence of this discussion proves that genetic(-related) errors can lead to beneficial mutations.

timtooful