java rsa encryption decryption example

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sure! rsa (rivest-shamir-adleman) is a widely used asymmetric encryption algorithm that relies on the mathematical properties of prime numbers. in rsa, there are two keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. this makes it particularly useful for secure data transmission.

### overview of rsa

1. **key generation**:
- choose two distinct large prime numbers \( p \) and \( q \).
- compute \( n = p \times q \).
- compute the totient \( \phi(n) = (p-1)(q-1) \).
- choose an integer \( e \) such that \( 1 e \phi(n) \) and \( e \) is coprime to \( \phi(n) \).
- determine \( d \) as \( d \equiv e^{-1} \mod \phi(n) \) (the modular multiplicative inverse of \( e \) modulo \( \phi(n) \)).
- the public key is \( (n, e) \), and the private key is \( (n, d) \).

2. **encryption**:
- convert the plaintext message \( m \) into an integer \( m \) such that \( 0 \leq m n \).
- compute the ciphertext \( c \) using the public key:
\[
c \equiv m^e \mod n
\]

3. **decryption**:
- to retrieve the plaintext, compute:
\[
m \equiv c^d \mod n
\]

### java implementation

#### step 1: add dependencies

#### step 2: java code example

here's a complete example demonstrating rsa encryption and decryption:

### explanation of the code:

1. **key generation**: the `keypairgenerator` is used to generate a pair of keys (public and private).
2. **encryption**: the `encrypt` method initializes a `cipher` instance in encryption mode and encrypts the plaintext.
3. **decryption**: the `decrypt` method initializes a `cipher` instance in decryption mode and decrypts the ciphertext.
4. **hexadecimal conversion**: the `bytestohex` method converts the encrypted byte array into ...

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