Template Method Design Pattern Tutorial with Java Coding Example | Template Method Pattern Explained

Template Method is a behavioral design pattern. Template design pattern defines the skeleton of an algorithm in the superclass but let’s subclasses override specific steps of the algorithm without changing its structure. Template Method lets subclasses redefine certain steps of an algorithm without changing the algorithm's structure. Base class declares algorithm 'placeholders', and derived classes implement the placeholders. Template method defines the steps to execute an algorithm and it can provide default implementation that might be common for all or some of the subclasses.

An abstract class exposes defined ways to execute its methods. Its subclasses can override the method implementation as per need but the invocation is to be in the same way as defined by an abstract class.

** Problem and Solution **
Imagine that you’re creating a data mining application that analyses corporate documents. Users feed the app documents in various formats (PDF, DOC, CSV), and it tries to extract meaningful data from these docs in a uniform format. The first version of the app could work only with DOC files. In the following version, it was able to support CSV files. A month later, you supporting data from PDF files. You noticed that all three classes have a lot of similar code. The code for data processing and analysis is almost identical. So, it be great to get rid of the code duplication, leaving the algorithm structure intact?

Solution to this problem is template design pattern. The Template Method pattern suggests that you break down an algorithm into a series of steps, turn these steps into methods, and put a series of calls to these methods inside a single template method. The steps may either be abstract, or have some default implementation.

** Where to use Template Method Design Pattern **
1. Use template method design pattern whenever you want to let clients extend only particular steps of an algorithm, but not the whole algorithm or its structure.
2. Use template method design pattern whenever you have several classes that contain almost identical algorithms with some minor differences. As a result, you might need to modify all classes when the algorithm changes.
** Advantages of Template Method Design Pattern **
1. You can let clients override only certain parts of a large algorithm, making them less affected by changes that happen to other parts of the algorithm.
2. You can pull the duplicate code into a superclass.

** Chapter Timestamps **
0:00 Welcome to Template Method Design Pattern
0:22 Recap of Observer Design Pattern
1:27 Introduction of Template Method design pattern
2:33 Real world example of Template Method design pattern
3:54 Java coding example of Template Method design pattern
8:17 Usage of Template Method design pattern
8:51 Advantages of Template Method design pattern
9:17 Summary of Template Method design pattern
9:58 Next video on Visitor Design Pattern

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