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Asynchronous JavaScript Programming with Callbacks, Promises and async await explained in an easy way...
Ever ordered a pizza? You call the pizza shop, place your order, and then go do other things while you wait. Later, the pizza shows up at your door and you enjoy it.
That’s exactly how JavaScript handles tasks that take time, like getting data from a server. It doesn’t just sit there waiting. It keeps moving and comes back when the job is done. That’s what we call asynchronous programming.
Now let me explain why JavaScript needs to run asynchronously in the first place. JavaScript is single threaded, meaning it runs one piece of code at a time, from top to bottom. While executing, it might come across a task that takes a while to finish. Since it has only one thread, if it had to wait, the entire code execution would be paused. That could mean waiting for five minutes before moving to the next line, and that would slow everything down.
To work smarter, JavaScript doesn’t sit around waiting. If something is going to take time, it hands it off to be processed in the background and continues running the rest of the code. It only comes back to the delayed task once it's finished. This approach helps JavaScript stay fast even though it can only do one thing at a time.
Even though JavaScript is synchronous by nature, meaning it runs code line by line and doesn't wait for anything, we can still tell it to wait for certain tasks before continuing. That’s what asynchronous programming is all about.
To handle asynchronous code, we can use callbacks, promises, and async await.
Let’s start with callbacks. A callback is like leaving your number with the pizza shop. You’re saying, “Hey, call me when the pizza’s ready.” You pass a function into another function, and it gets called later when the task is done. This works fine at first, but imagine you want pizza, drinks, and dessert and each depends on the other. You end up with functions inside functions inside more functions. That mess is what developers call callback hell.
To make life easier, JavaScript introduced promises. A promise is like getting a digital receipt that says, “Your pizza will be ready soon, we promise.” It has three states: pending, fulfilled, or rejected.
You use .then() to say what should happen when the pizza is ready, and .catch() to handle any problems like burnt crust or no delivery guy. Promises help you keep your code cleaner and easier to follow.
Then came async and await. This is like tracking your pizza delivery on an app. You say, “I'll wait right here for this to arrive,” but you only pause that part of your code, not the whole app. With async and await, your code looks simple and easy to read, almost like it’s running in order, even though things are still happening in the background. You can even use try and catch to handle errors like a pro.
So what’s the takeaway?
Callbacks, promises, and async await are all ways to handle things that take time in JavaScript. Callbacks are like old-school phones, promises are like delivery updates, and async await is like a sleek pizza tracker. They all work, but async await gives you the smoothest, cleanest ride.
Note the following 👇
✅ JavaScript is single-threaded, so it can’t afford to wait anything. async programming helps it stay fast.
✅ Callbacks were the first solution, but they can lead to messy code (callback hell).
✅ Promises made async code cleaner and easier to manage.
✅Async/await offers the most readable and efficient way to handle asynchronous tasks.
Subscribe for more.❤
Ever ordered a pizza? You call the pizza shop, place your order, and then go do other things while you wait. Later, the pizza shows up at your door and you enjoy it.
That’s exactly how JavaScript handles tasks that take time, like getting data from a server. It doesn’t just sit there waiting. It keeps moving and comes back when the job is done. That’s what we call asynchronous programming.
Now let me explain why JavaScript needs to run asynchronously in the first place. JavaScript is single threaded, meaning it runs one piece of code at a time, from top to bottom. While executing, it might come across a task that takes a while to finish. Since it has only one thread, if it had to wait, the entire code execution would be paused. That could mean waiting for five minutes before moving to the next line, and that would slow everything down.
To work smarter, JavaScript doesn’t sit around waiting. If something is going to take time, it hands it off to be processed in the background and continues running the rest of the code. It only comes back to the delayed task once it's finished. This approach helps JavaScript stay fast even though it can only do one thing at a time.
Even though JavaScript is synchronous by nature, meaning it runs code line by line and doesn't wait for anything, we can still tell it to wait for certain tasks before continuing. That’s what asynchronous programming is all about.
To handle asynchronous code, we can use callbacks, promises, and async await.
Let’s start with callbacks. A callback is like leaving your number with the pizza shop. You’re saying, “Hey, call me when the pizza’s ready.” You pass a function into another function, and it gets called later when the task is done. This works fine at first, but imagine you want pizza, drinks, and dessert and each depends on the other. You end up with functions inside functions inside more functions. That mess is what developers call callback hell.
To make life easier, JavaScript introduced promises. A promise is like getting a digital receipt that says, “Your pizza will be ready soon, we promise.” It has three states: pending, fulfilled, or rejected.
You use .then() to say what should happen when the pizza is ready, and .catch() to handle any problems like burnt crust or no delivery guy. Promises help you keep your code cleaner and easier to follow.
Then came async and await. This is like tracking your pizza delivery on an app. You say, “I'll wait right here for this to arrive,” but you only pause that part of your code, not the whole app. With async and await, your code looks simple and easy to read, almost like it’s running in order, even though things are still happening in the background. You can even use try and catch to handle errors like a pro.
So what’s the takeaway?
Callbacks, promises, and async await are all ways to handle things that take time in JavaScript. Callbacks are like old-school phones, promises are like delivery updates, and async await is like a sleek pizza tracker. They all work, but async await gives you the smoothest, cleanest ride.
Note the following 👇
✅ JavaScript is single-threaded, so it can’t afford to wait anything. async programming helps it stay fast.
✅ Callbacks were the first solution, but they can lead to messy code (callback hell).
✅ Promises made async code cleaner and easier to manage.
✅Async/await offers the most readable and efficient way to handle asynchronous tasks.
Subscribe for more.❤
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